2D and 3D GRAPHICS Table of Contents

Preface

Guide to 2-D and 3-D Graphics

Related reading
Naming conventions

CommonPoint information set

Getting started
Taxonomy
Developer guides
Usage and tools guidelines
Application documentation
Documented sample programs and sample code
Installation and late-breaking information

Typographical conventions

Reading notation diagrams

Graphics overview

Graphics features

Resolution independent coordinate systems

Twodimensional coordinate system
Threedimensional coordinate system

Graphics and geometry classes

2D graphics
3D graphics
Graphics classes that combine
2-D geometry classes
3-D geometry classes
Corresponding classes
Underlying 2-D geometry classes
Underlying 3-D geometry classes

Integrated 2D and 3D graphics

Graphics class architecture

2D graphics classes
3D graphics classes
Extending graphics classes

Creating an application

Getting started with 2D graphics

Drawing made easy

HelloWorld.C file

Include files
PinkMake file
Constructor
Change drawing area size
Destructor
DrawContents function

Drawing simple graphics

Draw a rectangle around some text
Create the rectangle
Create the text string
TTextDisplay attributes
Change the rectangle to an ellipse
Create the ellipse
Default bundle
Draw a star with a simple bundle
Create the star geometry
Create the bundle
Create the star graphic
Transform the star
Draw two stars as a group
Transform the group
Transform star2 only
Flush the view in white

Data types

Numbers and arithmetic

GCoordinate
GDegrees
GParametric
GIntensity

Underlying geometry classes

Points
Point arrays
Infinite line
Rectangle

2-D transformation matrix

Constructors
Functions
Perspective map transformations
Affine and perspective transformations
Shearing transformation
2-D matrix examples
TranslateBy and RotateBy
SetToTranslate and SetToRotate
PreTranslateBy and PreRotateBy

Storage management

Common MGraphic behavior

Using attribute bundles

Adopting bundles
Orphaning bundles
Getting bundles

Transforming a 2D graphic

Center of graphic
Origin of view
TGPoint( 0, 200 )

ScaleBy

Center of graphic
Origin of view
TGPoint( 0, 200 )
Negative scale factor

Detecting hits

Geometry functions

Graphics functions

GetGeometricBounds
GetLooseFitBounds
Speed and accuracy

TBoundsMaker

Example

Changes to THelloWorld
MouseDown function
Changes to DrawContents

2D graphics classes

Font styles
Glyph codes
Origin
Offset
Attachment

Fill algorithm for loops and polygons

Top-left polygon

Top-right polygon

Bottom-left loop

Bottom-right loop

Evenodd rule

Nonzero winding rule

TGLoop
TGPolygon

Curves, loops, and knot vectors

Parameter range rules

Curve order rules

Control point rules

Knot vector rules

Common knot vectors

Pinned knot vector
Piecewise Bézier

Curve continuity and discontinuity

Adding control points

Joining curves

Curve examples

Quadratic curve with TGPoint
Cubic curve with TGPoint
Cubic curve with TGRPointArray
Quadratic curve with knot vectors

Ellipse curve example

Closed loop example

Round rectangle example

ArcLength example

GetSectionOfCurve

DragPosition

MakeCompatible

Conic curve classes

TGArcThrough3Points
TGCardinalSpline
Tension set to 1.0 (the default)
Tesnsion set to 0.0
TGConicEndCenterEnd
otherArc set to False (the default)
otherArc set to True
TGHermiteSpline
TGTensionSpline

2D areas

Class architecture

Creating an area

Constructors, operators, and functions

Add
Subtract
Exclusive or
Intersect

Examples

Include files
Example arbitrary area
Example apple
Example banana
Example letter "L"

Advanced topics

Class architecture

Extract the geometries
Create a binary tree
Calculate edge transition

Framed areas

Example

2D images and pictures

2-D images

Class architecture

TModifiableImage derived classes
TGModifiableImage derived classes

Creating an image graphic

Include files and code
Draw part of the image
Transformation and hit detection
Image classes

Constructors

Pixel constructor
World coordinate unit constructor
Gray image and indexed image
Horizontal and vertical resolution
Orientation
Color profile

Hints

Image functions

Modifiable images
Image geometry member functions

Pictures

Class architecture

Creating a picture graphic

Include files
Code

2D graphic attributes and color

Include files

Attribute bundle class architecture

Special purpose bundles

Frame bundle
Fill bundle
Fill and frame bundle
Hairline frame bundle
Hairline fill and frame bundle
Examples

TGrafBundle

Constructors

Frame bundles
Fill and Frame bundle
Attribute state bundle

Drawing operations

Change drawing operation
Change colors
Example

Adjusted bounds

Extended attributes

Color

Color paints

Colors
RGB color space
XYZ color space
Gray scale
HSV color space

Examples

Gray scale
XYZ color space
HSV color space
Transforming color spaces

Image pattern paints

Dithering

Frame pen styles

Hairline pen
Solid pen

Frame cap styles

Flush caps
Round caps
Square caps

Frame joint styles

Bevel joint
Round joint
Miter limit joint

2D image attributes

Include files

Transfer modes

Example

Source active and destination active

Minimum Z depth

HSL and HSV

Gray and RGB

Compositing transfer modes
Source over (SrcOver)
Source around (SrcAround)
Source inside (SrcIn)
Destination inside (DstIn)
Source outside (SrcOut)
Destination outside (DstOut)
Source atop (SrcAtop
Destination atop (DstAtop)

Image sampling

Constructors
Filtering methods
Filling the abyss

Cached graphics

To cache or not to cache

Choosing graphics to cache
Device independence

Class architecture

Constructor
Drawing
Example

2-D Graphic groups

Class Architecture

Attribute bundles
Transformations
Group iteration
Adopting graphics
Finding the bounds and hit detection

Creating a group

Include files
Code

Hit testing a group

Constructor implementation
MouseDown implementation

Creating a custom graphic

MGraphic constructors

GMCGraphics.h

GMCGraphics.C

Include files

Day and month data types

Inline functions

MCollectible macro

Constructors

Destructor

Function and operator implementations

Init function
Copy operator
Streaming operators
SetSize function
Invalidate
SetDate function
CalibrateFontSizes
CalcuateFontSizes function
CalculateParameters function
CalculateColumnLabel function
CreateDayLabels function
CreateDayLabel function
TransformBy function
GetGeometricBounds
GetLooseFitBounds function
Draw function
HandleDraw function

Getting started with 3D graphics

Presenting 3-D graphics

Scene bundle
Attribute bundle
Drawing port
3-D graphics classes

Drawing made easy

Include files

PinkMake file

Drawing simple graphics

Draw a 3-D line
Transform the line
Transformation matrix
MGraphic3D transformation functions
Draw a 3-D box with a simple bundle
Change the origin
Using sweeps
Translate and rotate the torus
Move the camera
Global attributes
Graphic attributes
3-D graphic groups

Data types

Underlying geometry classes

Points
Point arrays
3-D box

3-D transformation matrix

Constructors
Functions
Perspective map transformations
Create a 3-D matrix from a 2-D matrix

Common MGraphic3D behavior

Using attribute bundles

Transforming a 3D graphic

Axis rotation
Ray rotation
ScaleBy
Center of graphic
Origin of View
TGPoint3D( )
Negative scale factor

Detecting hits

Geometry functions

Graphics functions

GetGeometricBounds
GetLooseFitBounds
Speed and accuracy

Hit detection Example

Changes to THelloWorld
MouseDown function
Changes to DrawContents

3D graphics classes

TSampledSurface3D

Class architecture
Example data from a 3D digitizer
Example finite element mesh rendering

TSurface3D

Parametric space
Trimming loops
Code example

Camera position
Visualizing the sweep
Surface orientation

TSweep3D

Single contour curve constructor

List of contour curves constructor

Contour and trajectory parameters
Curve list parameter
InitialContourXDirection parameter
Scaling curve parameter
Twist curve parameter

Cone sweep

Cylinder sweep

Extrusion sweep

Rounded box sweep

Rounded cylinder sweep

Revolution sweep

Sphere sweep

Torus sweep

3D graphic attributes

Include files

Attribute bundle class architecture

Special purpose bundles

Frame bundle
Fill bundle
Hairline frame bundle
Examples

TGrafBundle3D

Constructor
Drawing operations
Extended attributes
Frame pen

Colors and shaders

Color

Shading

Shader class architecture

Reflectance shader
Reflection model
Shading model

Shaders and texture maps

Image mapping
Bump mapping
Procedure Mapping
White noise
Example TMarbleProcedureMap
Example TWrinkleProcedureMap
Surface shading

Shading resolution

Shading interpolation

Texture mapping matrix

Backface Culling

Surface isolines and teselation control

Creating a shader

Computing the shade
Arranging shaders into a pipeline
Shader pipeline guidelines

3D scene bundles

Scene bundle constructor

Ambient light

Lights

Point light
Parallel light
Spotlight
ComputeColor

Cameras

Projection from 3-D to 2-D
Concrete camera classes
Perspective camera constructors
Parallel camera constructors
Positioning the camera
Orientation and roll
Viewing distances and clipping planes
Default camera settings

Atmosphere shader

Scene attribute

Examples

Advanced topics

Shadow generation

Articulated cameras and lights

Example

3-D graphic groups

Class architecture

Attribute bundles
Transformations
Group iteration
Adopting graphics
Finding the bounds and hit detection

Drawing ports

Drawing operation

Draw the graphic

Draw the geometry

Geometry with attribute bundle and matrix
Geometry only

Draw operation dependencies

Class architecture

Drawing port classes
Graphic state classes

Graphic state

Graphic hierarchies

Scene state

Graphic State Classes

TAttributeState
TAttribute3DState
TMatrixState
TMatrix3DState
Linkable cameras
Linkable matrices
TSceneState
TClipState

Linked ports

Example
Linked port class descriptions

Example

TMyGroup::Draw function implementation
TMyPolygon::Draw function
TSomeGrafDevice::Draw function

Graphics devices

Class architecture
Class descriptions

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