Logo ROOT   6.16/01
Reference Guide
RadioNuclides.C File Reference

Detailed Description

Macro that demonstrates usage of radioactive elements/materials/mixtures with TGeo package.

A radionuclide (TGeoElementRN) derives from the class TGeoElement and provides additional information related to its radioactive properties and decay modes.

The radionuclides table is loaded on demand by any call:

Int_t atomic_charge,
Int_t isomeric_number)
int Int_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:41
Class representing a radionuclide.
Definition: TGeoElement.h:139
TGeoElementRN * GetElementRN(Int_t ENDFcode) const
Retrieve a radionuclide by ENDF code.

The isomeric number is optional and the default value is 0.

To create a radioactive material based on a radionuclide, one should use the constructor:

TGeoMaterial(const char *name, TGeoElement *elem, Double_t density)
double Double_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:55
Base class for chemical elements.
Definition: TGeoElement.h:37
Base class describing materials.
Definition: TGeoMaterial.h:31

To create a radioactive mixture, one can use radionuclides as well as stable elements:

TGeoMixture(const char *name, Int_t nelements, Double_t density);
Mixtures of elements.
Definition: TGeoMaterial.h:135
void AddElement(Double_t a, Double_t z, Double_t weight)
add an element to the mixture using fraction by weight Check if the element is already defined

Once defined, one can retrieve the time evolution for the radioactive materials/mixtures by using one of the 2 methods:

Double_t precision=0.001)
virtual void FillMaterialEvolution(TObjArray *population, Double_t precision=0.001)
Fills a user array with all the elements deriving from the possible decay of the top element composin...
An array of TObjects.
Definition: TObjArray.h:37

To use this method, one has to provide an empty TObjArray object that will be filled with all elements coming from the decay chain of the initial radionuclides contained by the material/mixture. The precision represent the cumulative branching ratio for which decay products are still considered. The POPULATION list may contain stable elements as well as radionuclides, depending on the initial elements. To test if an element is a radionuclide:

bool Bool_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:59
virtual Bool_t IsRadioNuclide() const
Definition: TGeoElement.h:87

All radionuclides in the output population list have attached objects that represent the time evolution of their fraction of nuclei with respect to the top radionuclide in the decay chain. These objects (Bateman solutions) can be retrieved and drawn:

virtual void Draw(Option_t *option="")
Draw the solution of Bateman equation versus time.
TGeoBatemanSol * Ratio() const
Definition: TGeoElement.h:197

Another method allows to create the evolution of a given radioactive material/mixture at a given moment in time:

virtual TGeoMaterial * DecayMaterial(Double_t time, Double_t precision=0.001)
Create the material representing the decay product of this material at a given time.

The method will create the mixture that result from the decay of a initial material/mixture at TIME, while all resulting elements having a fractional weight less than PRECISION are excluded.

void DrawPopulation(TObjArray *vect, TCanvas *can, Double_t tmin=0.,
Double_t tmax=0., Bool_t logx=kFALSE);
void RadioNuclides()
{
TGeoManager *geom = new TGeoManager("","");
TGeoElementRN *c14 = table->GetElementRN(14,6);
TGeoElementRN *el1 = table->GetElementRN(53,20);
TGeoElementRN *el2 = table->GetElementRN(78,38);
// Radioactive material
TGeoMaterial *mat = new TGeoMaterial("C14", c14, 1.3);
printf("___________________________________________________________\n");
printf("Radioactive material:\n");
mat->Print();
Double_t time = 1.5e11; // seconds
TGeoMaterial *decaymat = mat->DecayMaterial(time);
printf("Radioactive material evolution after %g years:\n", time/3.1536e7);
decaymat->Print();
//Radioactive mixture
TGeoMixture *mix = new TGeoMixture("mix", 2, 7.3);
mix->AddElement(el1, 0.35);
mix->AddElement(el2, 0.65);
printf("___________________________________________________________\n");
printf("Radioactive mixture:\n");
mix->Print();
time = 1000.;
decaymat = mix->DecayMaterial(time);
printf("Radioactive mixture evolution after %g seconds:\n", time);
decaymat->Print();
TObjArray *vect = new TObjArray();
TCanvas *c1 = new TCanvas("c1","C14 decay", 800,600);
c1->SetGrid();
DrawPopulation(vect, c1, 0, 1.4e12);
TLatex *tex = new TLatex(8.35e11,0.564871,"C_{N^{14}_{7}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetLineWidth(2);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(3.33e11,0.0620678,"C_{C^{14}_{6}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetLineWidth(2);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(9.4e11,0.098,"C_{X}=#frac{N_{X}(t)}{N_{0}(t=0)}=\
#sum_{j}#alpha_{j}e^{-#lambda_{j}t}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetLineWidth(2);
tex->Draw();
TPaveText *pt = new TPaveText(2.6903e+11,0.0042727,1.11791e+12,0.0325138,"br");
pt->AddText("Time evolution of a population of radionuclides.");
pt->AddText("The concentration of a nuclide X represent the ");
pt->AddText("ratio between the number of X nuclei and the ");
pt->AddText("number of nuclei of the top element of the decay");
pt->AddText("from which X derives from at T=0. ");
pt->Draw();
c1->Modified();
vect->Clear();
TCanvas *c2 = new TCanvas("c2","Mixture decay", 1000,800);
c2->SetGrid();
DrawPopulation(vect, c2, 0.01, 1000., kTRUE);
tex = new TLatex(0.019,0.861,"C_{Ca^{53}_{20}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(1);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(0.0311,0.078064,"C_{Sc^{52}_{21}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(2);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(0.1337,0.010208,"C_{Ti^{52}_{22}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(3);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(1.54158,0.00229644,"C_{V^{52}_{23}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(4);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(25.0522,0.00135315,"C_{Cr^{52}_{24}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(5);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(0.1056,0.5429,"C_{Sc^{53}_{21}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(6);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(0.411,0.1044,"C_{Ti^{53}_{22}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(7);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(2.93358,0.0139452,"C_{V^{53}_{23}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(8);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(10.6235,0.00440327,"C_{Cr^{53}_{24}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(9);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(15.6288,0.782976,"C_{Sr^{78}_{38}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(1);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(20.2162,0.141779,"C_{Rb^{78}_{37}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(2);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(32.4055,0.0302101,"C_{Kr^{78}_{36}}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.0388601);
tex->SetTextColor(3);
tex->Draw();
tex = new TLatex(117.,1.52,"C_{X}=#frac{N_{X}(t)}{N_{0}(t=0)}=#sum_{j}\
#alpha_{j}e^{-#lambda_{j}t}");
tex->SetTextSize(0.03);
tex->SetLineWidth(2);
tex->Draw();
TArrow *arrow = new TArrow(0.0235313,0.74106,0.0385371,0.115648,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(0.0543138,0.0586338,0.136594,0.0146596,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(0.31528,0.00722919,1.29852,0.00306079,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(4.13457,0.00201942,22.5047,0.00155182,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(0.0543138,0.761893,0.0928479,0.67253,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(0.238566,0.375717,0.416662,0.154727,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(0.653714,0.074215,2.41863,0.0213142,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(5.58256,0.00953882,10.6235,0.00629343,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(22.0271,0.601935,22.9926,0.218812,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
arrow = new TArrow(27.2962,0.102084,36.8557,0.045686,0.02,">");
arrow->SetFillColor(1);
arrow->SetFillStyle(1001);
arrow->SetLineWidth(2);
arrow->SetAngle(30);
arrow->Draw();
}
void DrawPopulation(TObjArray *vect, TCanvas *can, Double_t tmin,
Double_t tmax, Bool_t logx)
{
Int_t n = vect->GetEntriesFast();
can->SetLogy();
if (logx) can->SetLogx();
for (Int_t i=0; i<n; i++) {
TGeoElement *el = (TGeoElement*)vect->At(i);
if (!el->IsRadioNuclide()) continue;
TGeoBatemanSol *sol = elem->Ratio();
if (sol) {
sol->SetLineColor(1+(i%9));
sol->SetLineWidth(2);
if (tmax>0.) sol->SetRange(tmin,tmax);
if (i==0) {
sol->Draw();
TF1 *func = (TF1*)can->FindObject(
Form("conc%s",sol->GetElement()->GetName()));
if (func) {
if (!strcmp(can->GetName(),"c1")) func->SetTitle(
"Concentration of C14 derived elements;time[s];Ni/N0(C14)");
else func->SetTitle(
"Concentration of elements derived from mixture Ca53+Sr78;\
time[s];Ni/N0(Ca53)");
}
}
else sol->Draw("SAME");
}
}
}
const Bool_t kFALSE
Definition: RtypesCore.h:88
const Bool_t kTRUE
Definition: RtypesCore.h:87
R__EXTERN TGeoManager * gGeoManager
Definition: TGeoManager.h:572
char * Form(const char *fmt,...)
Draw all kinds of Arrows.
Definition: TArrow.h:29
virtual void SetFillColor(Color_t fcolor)
Set the fill area color.
Definition: TAttFill.h:37
virtual void SetLineWidth(Width_t lwidth)
Set the line width.
Definition: TAttLine.h:43
virtual void SetLineColor(Color_t lcolor)
Set the line color.
Definition: TAttLine.h:40
virtual void SetTextAlign(Short_t align=11)
Set the text alignment.
Definition: TAttText.h:41
virtual void SetTextColor(Color_t tcolor=1)
Set the text color.
Definition: TAttText.h:43
virtual void SetTextSize(Float_t tsize=1)
Set the text size.
Definition: TAttText.h:46
The Canvas class.
Definition: TCanvas.h:31
1-Dim function class
Definition: TF1.h:211
virtual void SetTitle(const char *title="")
Set function title if title has the form "fffffff;xxxx;yyyy", it is assumed that the function title i...
Definition: TF1.cxx:3542
void SetRange(Double_t tmin=0., Double_t tmax=0.)
Definition: TGeoElement.h:314
TGeoElementRN * GetElement() const
Definition: TGeoElement.h:310
Table of elements.
Definition: TGeoElement.h:370
The manager class for any TGeo geometry.
Definition: TGeoManager.h:39
TGeoElementTable * GetElementTable()
Returns material table. Creates it if not existing.
virtual void Print(const Option_t *option="") const
print characteristics of this material
virtual void Print(const Option_t *option="") const
print characteristics of this material
virtual void FillMaterialEvolution(TObjArray *population, Double_t precision=0.001)
Fills a user array with all the elements deriving from the possible decay of the top elements composi...
virtual TGeoMaterial * DecayMaterial(Double_t time, Double_t precision=0.001)
Create the mixture representing the decay product of this material at a given time.
To draw Mathematical Formula.
Definition: TLatex.h:18
virtual const char * GetName() const
Returns name of object.
Definition: TNamed.h:47
Int_t GetEntriesFast() const
Definition: TObjArray.h:64
virtual void Clear(Option_t *option="")
Remove all objects from the array.
Definition: TObjArray.cxx:320
TObject * At(Int_t idx) const
Definition: TObjArray.h:165
virtual void Draw(Option_t *option="")
Default Draw method for all objects.
Definition: TObject.cxx:195
virtual void SetLogy(Int_t value=1)
Set Lin/Log scale for Y.
Definition: TPad.cxx:5851
virtual void SetLogx(Int_t value=1)
Set Lin/Log scale for X.
Definition: TPad.cxx:5837
const char * GetName() const
Returns name of object.
Definition: TPad.h:255
virtual TObject * FindObject(const char *name) const
Search if object named name is inside this pad or in pads inside this pad.
Definition: TPad.cxx:2585
A Pave (see TPave) with text, lines or/and boxes inside.
Definition: TPaveText.h:21
virtual TText * AddText(Double_t x1, Double_t y1, const char *label)
Add a new Text line to this pavetext at given coordinates.
Definition: TPaveText.cxx:182
virtual void Draw(Option_t *option="")
Draw this pavetext with its current attributes.
Definition: TPaveText.cxx:233
TPaveText * pt
return c1
Definition: legend1.C:41
const Int_t n
Definition: legend1.C:16
return c2
Definition: legend2.C:14
void table()
Definition: table.C:85
Author
Mihaela Gheata

Definition in file RadioNuclides.C.