TTreeReader.cxx

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// @(#)root/treeplayer:$Id$
// Author: Axel Naumann, 2011-09-21
 
/*************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 1995-2013, Rene Brun and Fons Rademakers and al.        *
 * All rights reserved.                                                  *
 *                                                                       *
 * For the licensing terms see $ROOTSYS/LICENSE.                         *
 * For the list of contributors see $ROOTSYS/README/CREDITS.             *
 *************************************************************************/
 
#include "TTreeReader.h"
 
#include "TChain.h"
#include "TDirectory.h"
#include "TEntryList.h"
#include "TTreeCache.h"
#include "TTreeReaderValue.h"
#include "TFriendElement.h"
#include "TFriendProxy.h"
#include "ROOT/InternalTreeUtils.hxx"
 
// clang-format off
/**
 \class TTreeReader
 \ingroup treeplayer
 \brief A simple, robust and fast interface to read values from ROOT columnar datasets such as TTree, TChain or TNtuple
 
 TTreeReader is associated to TTreeReaderValue and TTreeReaderArray which are handles to concretely
 access the information in the dataset.
 
 Example code can be found in
  - tutorials/io/tree/hsimpleReader.C
  - tutorials/analysis/tree/h1analysisTreeReader.C
  - An example in roottest showing the full power <a href="https://github.com/root-project/root/tree/master/roottest/root/tree/reader">here</a>.
 
 You can generate a skeleton of `TTreeReaderValue<T>` and `TTreeReaderArray<T>` declarations
 for all of a tree's branches using `TTree::MakeSelector()`.
 
A simpler analysis example can be found below: it histograms a function of the px and py branches.
 
~~~{.cpp}
// A simple TTreeReader use: read data from hsimple.root (written by hsimple.C)
 
#include "TFile.h"
#include "TH1F.h"
#include "TTreeReader.h"
#include "TTreeReaderValue.h"
 
void hsimpleReader() {
   // Create a histogram for the values we read.
   TH1F("h1", "ntuple", 100, -4, 4);
 
   // Open the file containing the tree.
   TFile *myFile = TFile::Open("$ROOTSYS/tutorials/hsimple.root");
 
   // Create a TTreeReader for the tree, for instance by passing the
   // TTree's name and the TDirectory / TFile it is in.
   TTreeReader myReader("ntuple", myFile);
 
   // The branch "px" contains floats; access them as myPx.
   TTreeReaderValue<Float_t> myPx(myReader, "px");
   // The branch "py" contains floats, too; access those as myPy.
   TTreeReaderValue<Float_t> myPy(myReader, "py");
 
   // Loop over all entries of the TTree or TChain.
   while (myReader.Next()) {
      // Just access the data as if myPx and myPy were iterators (note the '*'
      // in front of them):
      myHist->Fill(*myPx + *myPy);
   }
 
   myHist->Draw();
}
~~~
 
A more complete example including error handling and a few combinations of
TTreeReaderValue and TTreeReaderArray would look like this:
 
~~~{.cpp}
#include <TFile.h>
#include <TH1.h>
#include <TTreeReader.h>
#include <TTreeReaderValue.h>
#include <TTreeReaderArray.h>
 
#include "TriggerInfo.h"
#include "Muon.h"
#include "Tau.h"
 
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
 
bool CheckValue(ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase& value) {
   if (value.GetSetupStatus() < 0) {
      std::cerr << "Error " << value.GetSetupStatus()
                << "setting up reader for " << value.GetBranchName() << '\n';
      return false;
   }
   return true;
}
 
 
// Analyze the tree "MyTree" in the file passed into the function.
// Returns false in case of errors.
bool analyze(TFile* file) {
   // Create a TTreeReader named "MyTree" from the given TDirectory.
   // The TTreeReader gives access to the TTree to the TTreeReaderValue and
   // TTreeReaderArray objects. It knows the current entry number and knows
   // how to iterate through the TTree.
   TTreeReader reader("MyTree", file);
 
   // Read a single float value in each tree entries:
   TTreeReaderValue<float> weight(reader, "event.weight");
 
   // Read a TriggerInfo object from the tree entries:
   TTreeReaderValue<TriggerInfo> triggerInfo(reader, "triggerInfo");
 
   //Read a vector of Muon objects from the tree entries:
   TTreeReaderValue<std::vector<Muon>> muons(reader, "muons");
 
   //Read the pT for all jets in the tree entry:
   TTreeReaderArray<double> jetPt(reader, "jets.pT");
 
   // Read the taus in the tree entry:
   TTreeReaderArray<Tau> taus(reader, "taus");
 
 
   // Now iterate through the TTree entries and fill a histogram.
 
   TH1F("hist", "TTreeReader example histogram", 10, 0., 100.);
 
   bool firstEntry = true;
   while (reader.Next()) {
      if (firstEntry) {
         // Check that branches exist and their types match our expectation.
         if (!CheckValue(weight)) return false;
         if (!CheckValue(triggerInfo)) return false;
         if (!CheckValue(muons)) return false;
         if (!CheckValue(jetPt)) return false;
         if (!CheckValue(taus)) return false;
         firstentry = false;
      }
 
      // Access the TriggerInfo object as if it's a pointer.
      if (!triggerInfo->hasMuonL1())
         continue;
 
      // Ditto for the vector<Muon>.
      if (!muons->size())
         continue;
 
      // Access the jetPt as an array, whether the TTree stores this as
      // a std::vector, std::list, TClonesArray or Jet* C-style array, with
      // fixed or variable array size.
      if (jetPt.GetSize() < 2 || jetPt[0] < 100)
         continue;
 
      // Access the array of taus.
      if (!taus.IsEmpty()) {
         // Access a float value - need to dereference as TTreeReaderValue
         // behaves like an iterator
         float currentWeight = *weight;
         for (const Tau& tau: taus) {
            hist->Fill(tau.eta(), currentWeight);
         }
      }
   } // TTree entry / event loop
 
   // Return true if we have iterated through all entries.
   return reader.GetEntryStatus() == TTreeReader::kEntryBeyondEnd;
}
~~~
*/
// clang-format on
 
 
using namespace ROOT::Internal;
 
// Provide some storage for the poor little symbol.
constexpr const char *const TTreeReader::fgEntryStatusText[TTreeReader::kEntryUnknownError + 1];
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default constructor.  Call SetTree to connect to a TTree.
 
TTreeReader::TTreeReader() : fNotify(this), fFriendProxies() {}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Access data from tree.
///
/// \param tree The TTree or TChain to read from
/// \param entryList It can be a single TEntryList with global entry numbers (supported, as
///                  an extension, also in the case of a TChain) or, if the first parameter
///                  is a TChain, a TEntryList with sub-TEntryLists with local entry numbers.
///                  In the latter case, the TEntryList must be associated to the TChain, as
///                  per chain.SetEntryList(&entryList).
 
TTreeReader::TTreeReader(TTree *tree, TEntryList *entryList /*= nullptr*/, bool warnAboutLongerFriends,
                         const std::set<std::string> &suppressErrorsForMissingBranches)
   : fTree(tree),
     fEntryList(entryList),
     fNotify(this),
     fFriendProxies(),
     fWarnAboutLongerFriends(warnAboutLongerFriends),
     fSuppressErrorsForMissingBranches(suppressErrorsForMissingBranches)
{
   if (!fTree) {
      ::Error("TTreeReader::TTreeReader", "TTree is NULL!");
   } else {
      // We do not own the tree
      SetBit(kBitIsExternalTree);
      Initialize();
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Access data from the tree called keyname in the directory (e.g. TFile)
/// dir, or the current directory if dir is NULL. If keyname cannot be
/// found, or if it is not a TTree, IsInvalid() will return true.
///
/// \param keyname The name of the TTree to read from file
/// \param dir The TDirectory to read keyname from
/// \param entryList It can be a single TEntryList with global entry numbers (supported, as
///                  an extension, also in the case of a TChain) or, if the first parameter
///                  is a TChain, a TEntryList with sub-TEntryLists with local entry numbers.
///                  In the latter case, the TEntryList must be associated to the TChain, as
///                  per chain.SetEntryList(&entryList).
 
TTreeReader::TTreeReader(const char *keyname, TDirectory *dir, TEntryList *entryList /*= nullptr*/)
   : fEntryList(entryList), fNotify(this), fFriendProxies()
{
   if (!dir)
      dir = gDirectory;
   dir->GetObject(keyname, fTree);
   if (!fTree) {
      std::string msg = "No TTree called ";
      msg += keyname;
      msg += " was found in the selected TDirectory.";
      Error("TTreeReader", "%s", msg.c_str());
   }
   Initialize();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Tell all value readers that the tree reader does not exist anymore.
 
TTreeReader::~TTreeReader()
{
   for (std::deque<ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase *>::const_iterator i = fValues.begin(), e = fValues.end();
        i != e; ++i) {
      (*i)->MarkTreeReaderUnavailable();
   }
   if (fTree && fNotify.IsLinked())
      fNotify.RemoveLink(*fTree);
 
   if (fEntryStatus != kEntryNoTree && !TestBit(kBitIsExternalTree)) {
      // a plain TTree is automatically added to the current directory,
      // do not delete it here
      if (IsChain()) {
         delete fTree;
      }
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Initialization of the director.
 
void TTreeReader::Initialize()
{
   fEntry = -1;
   if (!fTree) {
      fEntryStatus = kEntryNoTree;
      fLoadTreeStatus = kNoTree;
      return;
   }
 
   fLoadTreeStatus = kLoadTreeNone;
   if (fTree->InheritsFrom(TChain::Class())) {
      SetBit(kBitIsChain);
   } else if (fEntryList && fEntryList->GetLists()) {
      Error("Initialize", "We are not processing a TChain but the TEntryList contains sublists. Please "
                          "provide a simple TEntryList with no sublists instead.");
      fEntryStatus = kEntryNoTree;
      fLoadTreeStatus = kNoTree;
      return;
   }
 
   fDirector = std::make_unique<ROOT::Internal::TBranchProxyDirector>(fTree, -1);
 
   if (!fNotify.IsLinked()) {
      fNotify.PrependLink(*fTree);
 
      if (fTree->GetTree()) {
         // The current TTree is already available.
         fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree = true;
         Notify();
         fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree = false;
      }
   }
}
 
TFriendProxy &TTreeReader::AddFriendProxy(std::size_t friendIdx)
{
   if (friendIdx >= fFriendProxies.size()) {
      fFriendProxies.resize(friendIdx + 1);
   }
 
   if (!fFriendProxies[friendIdx]) {
      fFriendProxies[friendIdx] = std::make_unique<ROOT::Internal::TFriendProxy>(fDirector.get(), fTree, friendIdx);
   }
 
   return *fFriendProxies[friendIdx];
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Notify director and values of a change in tree. Called from TChain and TTree's LoadTree.
/// TTreeReader registers its fNotify data member with the TChain/TTree which
/// in turn leads to this method being called upon the execution of LoadTree.
bool TTreeReader::Notify()
{
 
   // We are missing at least one proxy, retry creating them when switching
   // to the next tree
   if (!fMissingProxies.empty())
      SetProxies();
 
   if (fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree) {
      if (fLoadTreeStatus == kExternalLoadTree) {
         // This can happen if someone switched trees behind us.
         // Likely cause: a TChain::LoadTree() e.g. from TTree::Process().
         // This means that "local" should be set!
         // There are two entities switching trees which is bad.
         Warning("SetEntryBase()",
                 "The current tree in the TChain %s has changed (e.g. by TTree::Process) "
                 "even though TTreeReader::SetEntry() was called, which switched the tree "
                 "again. Did you mean to call TTreeReader::SetLocalEntry()?",
                 fTree->GetName());
      }
      fLoadTreeStatus = kInternalLoadTree;
   } else {
      fLoadTreeStatus = kExternalLoadTree;
   }
 
   if (!fEntryList && fTree->GetEntryList() && !TestBit(kBitHaveWarnedAboutEntryListAttachedToTTree)) {
      Warning("SetEntryBase()",
              "The TTree / TChain has an associated TEntryList. "
              "TTreeReader ignores TEntryLists unless you construct the TTreeReader passing a TEntryList.");
      SetBit(kBitHaveWarnedAboutEntryListAttachedToTTree);
   }
 
   if (!fDirector->Notify()) {
      if (fSuppressErrorsForMissingBranches.empty())
         Error("SetEntryBase()", "There was an error while notifying the proxies.");
      fLoadTreeStatus = kMissingBranchFromTree;
      return false;
   }
 
   if (fProxiesSet) {
      for (auto value : fValues) {
         value->NotifyNewTree(fTree->GetTree());
      }
   }
 
   return true;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Tell readers we now have a tree.
/// fValues gets insertions during this loop (when parametrized arrays are read),
/// invalidating iterators. Use old-school counting instead.
 
bool TTreeReader::SetProxies()
{
   fMissingProxies.clear();
   fProxiesSet = false; // In the loop below, we cannot recreate proxies if this is true
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < fValues.size(); ++i) {
      ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase *reader = fValues[i];
      // Check whether the user wants to suppress errors for this specific branch
      // if it is missing. This information is used here to act in the situation
      // where the first tree of the chain does not contain that branch. In such
      // case, we need to postpone the creation of the corresponding proxy until
      // we find the branch in a following tree of the chain.
      const bool suppressErrorsForThisBranch = (fSuppressErrorsForMissingBranches.find(reader->fBranchName.Data()) !=
                                                fSuppressErrorsForMissingBranches.cend());
      // Because of the situation described above, we may have some proxies
      // already created and some not, if their branch was not available so far.
      // Make sure we do not recreate the proxy unnecessarily, unless the
      // data member was set outside of this function (e.g. in Restart).
      if (!reader->GetProxy() || !fProxiesSet)
         reader->CreateProxy();
 
      // The creation of the proxy failed again. If it was due to a missing
      // branch, we propagate this information upstream, otherwise we return
      // false to signify there was some other problem.
      if (!reader->GetProxy()) {
         if (suppressErrorsForThisBranch ||
             (reader->GetSetupStatus() == ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase::ESetupStatus::kSetupMissingBranch))
            fMissingProxies.insert(reader->fBranchName.Data());
         else
            return false;
      }
   }
   // If at least one proxy was there and no error occurred, we assume the proxies to be set.
   fProxiesSet = !fValues.empty();
 
   // Now we need to properly set the TTreeCache. We do this in steps:
   // 1. We set the entry range according to the entry range of the TTreeReader
   // 2. We add to the cache the branches identifying them by the name the user provided
   //    upon creation of the TTreeReader{Value, Array}s
   // 3. We stop the learning phase.
   // Operations 1, 2 and 3 need to happen in this order. See:
   // https://sft.its.cern.ch/jira/browse/ROOT-9773?focusedCommentId=87837
   if (fProxiesSet) {
      const auto curFile = fTree->GetCurrentFile();
      if (curFile && fTree->GetTree()->GetReadCache(curFile, true)) {
         if (!(-1LL == fEndEntry && 0ULL == fBeginEntry)) {
            // We need to avoid to pass -1 as end entry to the SetCacheEntryRange method
            const auto lastEntry = (-1LL == fEndEntry) ? fTree->GetEntriesFast() : fEndEntry;
            fTree->SetCacheEntryRange(fBeginEntry, lastEntry);
         }
         for (auto value : fValues) {
            if (value->GetProxy())
               fTree->AddBranchToCache(value->GetProxy()->GetBranchName(), true);
         }
         fTree->StopCacheLearningPhase();
      }
   }
 
   return true;
}
 
void TTreeReader::WarnIfFriendsHaveMoreEntries()
{
   if (!fWarnAboutLongerFriends)
      return;
   if (!fTree)
      return;
   // Make sure all proxies are set, as in certain situations we might get to this
   // point without having set the proxies first. For example, when processing a
   // TChain and calling `SetEntry(N)` with N beyond the real number of entries.
   // If the proxies can't be set return from the function and give up the warning.
   if (!fProxiesSet && !SetProxies())
      return;
 
   // If we are stopping the reading because we reached the last entry specified
   // explicitly via SetEntriesRange, do not bother the user with a warning
   if (fEntry == fEndEntry)
      return;
 
   const std::string mainTreeName =
      dynamic_cast<const TChain *>(fTree) ? fTree->GetName() : ROOT::Internal::TreeUtils::GetTreeFullPaths(*fTree)[0];
 
   const auto *friendsList = fTree->GetListOfFriends();
   if (!friendsList || friendsList->GetEntries() == 0)
      return;
 
   for (decltype(fFriendProxies.size()) idx = 0; idx < fFriendProxies.size(); idx++) {
      auto &&fp = fFriendProxies[idx];
      if (!fp)
         continue;
      // In case the friend is indexed it may very well be that it has a different number of events
      // e.g. the friend contains information about luminosity block and
      // all the entries in the main tree are from the same luminosity block
      if (fp->HasIndex())
         continue;
      const auto *frTree = fp->GetDirector()->GetTree();
      if (!frTree)
         continue;
 
      // Need to retrieve the real friend tree from the main tree
      // because the current friend proxy points to the tree it is currently processing
      // i.e. the current tree in a chain in case the real friend is a TChain
      auto *frEl = static_cast<TFriendElement *>(friendsList->At(idx));
      if (!frEl)
         continue;
      auto *frTreeFromMain = frEl->GetTree();
      if (!frTreeFromMain)
         continue;
      // We are looking for the situation where there are actually still more
      // entries to read in the friend. The following checks if the current entry to read
      // is greater than the available entries in the dataset. If not, then we know there
      // are more entries left in the friend.
      //
      // GetEntriesFast gives us a single handle to assess all the following:
      // * If the friend is a TTree, it returns the total number of entries
      // * If it is a TChain, then two more scenarios may occur:
      //   - If we have processed until the last file, then it returns the total
      //     number of entries.
      //   - If we have not processed all files yet, then it returns TTree::kMaxEntries.
      //     Thus, fEntry will always be smaller and the warning will be issued.
      if (fEntry >= frTreeFromMain->GetEntriesFast())
         continue;
      // The friend tree still has entries beyond the last one of the main
      // tree, warn the user about it.
      const std::string frTreeName = dynamic_cast<const TChain *>(frTree)
                                        ? frTree->GetName()
                                        : ROOT::Internal::TreeUtils::GetTreeFullPaths(*frTree)[0];
      std::string msg = "Last entry available from main tree '" + mainTreeName + "' was " + std::to_string(fEntry - 1) +
                        " but friend tree '" + frTreeName + "' has more entries beyond the end of the main tree.";
      Warning("SetEntryBase()", "%s", msg.c_str());
   }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set the range of entries to be loaded by `Next()`; end will not be loaded.
///
/// If end <= begin, `end` is ignored (set to `-1`, i.e. will run on all entries from `begin` onwards).
///
/// Example:
///
/// ~~~ {.cpp}
/// reader.SetEntriesRange(3, 5);
/// while (reader.Next()) {
///   // Will load entries 3 and 4.
/// }
/// ~~~
///
/// Note that if a TEntryList is present, beginEntry and endEntry refer to the beginEntry-th/endEntry-th entries of the
/// TEntryList (or the main TEntryList in case it has sub-entrylists). In other words, SetEntriesRange can
/// be used to only loop over part of the TEntryList, but not to further restrict the actual TTree/TChain entry numbers
/// considered.
///
/// \param beginEntry The first entry to be loaded by `Next()`.
/// \param endEntry   The entry where `Next()` will return false, not loading it.
 
TTreeReader::EEntryStatus TTreeReader::SetEntriesRange(Long64_t beginEntry, Long64_t endEntry)
{
   if (beginEntry < 0)
      return kEntryNotFound;
   // Complain if the entries number is larger than the tree's / chain's / entry
   // list's number of entries, unless it's a TChain and "max entries" is
   // uninitialized (i.e. TTree::kMaxEntries).
   if (beginEntry >= GetEntries(false) && !(IsChain() && GetEntries(false) == TTree::kMaxEntries)) {
      Error("SetEntriesRange()", "Start entry (%lld) must be lower than the available entries (%lld).", beginEntry,
            GetEntries(false));
      return kEntryNotFound;
   }
 
   // Update data members to correctly reflect the defined range
   if (endEntry > beginEntry)
      fEndEntry = endEntry;
   else
      fEndEntry = -1;
 
   fBeginEntry = beginEntry;
 
   if (beginEntry - 1 < 0)
      // Reset the cache if reading from the first entry of the tree
      Restart();
   else {
      // Load the first entry in the range. SetEntry() will also call SetProxies(),
      // thus adding all the branches to the cache and triggering the learning phase.
      EEntryStatus es = SetEntry(beginEntry - 1);
      if (es != kEntryValid) {
         Error("SetEntriesRange()", "Error setting first entry %lld: %s", beginEntry, fgEntryStatusText[(int)es]);
         return es;
      }
   }
 
   return kEntryValid;
}
 
void TTreeReader::Restart()
{
   fDirector->SetReadEntry(-1);
   fProxiesSet = false; // we might get more value readers, meaning new proxies.
   fEntry = -1;
   // Find if there is an active TTreeCache and reset it if so
   if (!fTree)
      return;
   const auto curFile = fTree->GetCurrentFile();
   if (!curFile)
      return;
   auto curTree = fTree->GetTree();
   if (!curTree)
      return;
   auto tc = curTree->GetReadCache(curFile, true);
   if (!tc)
      return;
   tc->DropBranch("*", true);
   tc->ResetCache();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns the number of entries of the TEntryList if one is provided, else
/// of the TTree / TChain, independent of a range set by SetEntriesRange()
/// by calling TTree/TChain::%GetEntriesFast.
 
Long64_t TTreeReader::GetEntries() const
{
   if (fEntryList)
      return fEntryList->GetN();
   if (!fTree)
      return -1;
   return fTree->GetEntriesFast();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns the number of entries of the TEntryList if one is provided, else
/// of the TTree / TChain, independent of a range set by SetEntriesRange().
///
/// \param force If `IsChain()` and `force`, determines whether all TFiles of
///   this TChain should be opened to determine the exact number of entries
/// of the TChain. If `!IsChain()`, `force` is ignored.
 
Long64_t TTreeReader::GetEntries(bool force)
{
   if (fEntryList)
      return fEntryList->GetN();
   if (!fTree)
      return -1;
   if (force) {
      fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree = true;
      auto res = fTree->GetEntries();
      // Go back to where we were:
      fTree->LoadTree(GetCurrentEntry());
      fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree = false;
      return res;
   }
   return fTree->GetEntriesFast();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Load an entry into the tree, return the status of the read.
/// For chains, entry is the global (i.e. not tree-local) entry number, unless
/// `local` is `true`, in which case `entry` specifies the entry number within
/// the current tree. This is needed for instance for TSelector::Process().
 
TTreeReader::EEntryStatus TTreeReader::SetEntryBase(Long64_t entry, bool local)
{
   if (IsInvalid()) {
      fEntryStatus = kEntryNoTree;
      fEntry = -1;
      return fEntryStatus;
   }
 
   fEntry = entry;
 
   Long64_t entryAfterList = entry;
   if (fEntryList) {
      if (entry >= fEntryList->GetN()) {
         // Passed the end of the chain, Restart() was not called:
         // don't try to load entries anymore. Can happen in these cases:
         // while (tr.Next()) {something()};
         // while (tr.Next()) {somethingelse()}; // should not be calling somethingelse().
         fEntryStatus = kEntryBeyondEnd;
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
      if (entry >= 0) {
         if (fEntryList->GetLists()) {
            R__ASSERT(IsChain());
            int treenum = -1;
            entryAfterList = fEntryList->GetEntryAndTree(entry, treenum);
            entryAfterList += static_cast<TChain *>(fTree)->GetTreeOffset()[treenum];
            // We always translate local entry numbers to global entry numbers for TChain+TEntryList with sublists
            local = false;
         } else {
            // Could be a TTree or a TChain (TTreeReader also supports single TEntryLists for TChains).
            // In both cases, we are using the global entry numbers coming from the single TEntryList.
            entryAfterList = fEntryList->GetEntry(entry);
         }
      }
   }
 
   TTree *treeToCallLoadOn = local ? fTree->GetTree() : fTree;
 
   fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree = true;
   const Long64_t loadResult = treeToCallLoadOn->LoadTree(entryAfterList);
   fSetEntryBaseCallingLoadTree = false;
 
   if (loadResult < 0) {
      // ROOT-9628 We cover here the case when:
      // - We deal with a TChain
      // - The last file is opened
      // - The TTree is not correctly loaded
      // The system is robust against issues with TTrees associated to the chain
      // when they are not at the end of it.
      if (loadResult == -3 && TestBit(kBitIsChain) && !fTree->GetTree()) {
         fDirector->Notify();
         if (fProxiesSet) {
            for (auto value : fValues) {
               value->NotifyNewTree(fTree->GetTree());
            }
         }
         Warning("SetEntryBase()", "There was an issue opening the last file associated to the TChain "
                                   "being processed.");
         fEntryStatus = kEntryChainFileError;
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
 
      if (loadResult == -2) {
         fDirector->Notify();
         if (fProxiesSet) {
            for (auto value : fValues) {
               value->NotifyNewTree(fTree->GetTree());
            }
         }
         auto &&nEntries = treeToCallLoadOn->GetEntriesFast();
         if (fBeginEntry >= nEntries && nEntries > 0) {
            // The beginning entry specified via SetEntriesRange was beyond the total number of entries in the dataset
            Error("SetEntryBase()",
                  "The beginning entry specified via SetEntriesRange (%lld) is equal to or beyond the "
                  "total number of entries in the dataset (%lld). Make sure to specify a "
                  "beginning entry lower than the number of available entries.",
                  fBeginEntry, nEntries);
            fEntryStatus = kEntryNotFound;
         } else
            fEntryStatus = kEntryBeyondEnd;
         WarnIfFriendsHaveMoreEntries();
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
 
      if (loadResult == -1) {
         // The chain is empty
         fEntryStatus = kEntryNotFound;
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
 
      if (loadResult == -4) {
         // The TChainElement corresponding to the entry is missing or
         // the TTree is missing from the file.
         fDirector->Notify();
         if (fProxiesSet) {
            for (auto value : fValues) {
               value->NotifyNewTree(fTree->GetTree());
            }
         }
         fEntryStatus = kEntryNotFound;
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
 
      if (loadResult == -6) {
         // An expected branch was not found when switching to a new tree.
         fDirector->Notify();
         if (fProxiesSet) {
            for (auto value : fValues) {
               value->NotifyNewTree(fTree->GetTree());
            }
         }
         // Even though one (or more) branches might be missing from the new
         // tree, other branches might still be there. We know we are switching
         // into the tree at this point, so we want the director to start
         // reading again from local entry 0, for those branches that are
         // available
         fDirector->SetReadEntry(0);
         fEntryStatus = kMissingBranchWhenSwitchingTree;
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
 
      Warning("SetEntryBase()", "Unexpected error '%lld' in %s::LoadTree", loadResult,
              treeToCallLoadOn->IsA()->GetName());
 
      fEntryStatus = kEntryUnknownError;
      return fEntryStatus;
   }
 
   if (!fProxiesSet) {
      if (!SetProxies()) {
         fEntryStatus = kEntryDictionaryError;
         return fEntryStatus;
      }
   }
 
   if ((fEndEntry >= 0 && entry >= fEndEntry) || (fEntry >= fTree->GetEntriesFast())) {
      fEntryStatus = kEntryBeyondEnd;
      WarnIfFriendsHaveMoreEntries();
      return fEntryStatus;
   }
 
   fDirector->SetReadEntry(loadResult);
   fEntryStatus = kEntryValid;
 
   // Convey the information that a branch was not found either when
   // switching to a new tree (i.e. when trying to load its first entry) or
   // even if we are in the middle of the tree (e.g. by calling SetEntriesRange
   // beforehand) but a proxy was not created because of the missing branch
   if (fLoadTreeStatus == kMissingBranchFromTree || !fMissingProxies.empty()) {
      fEntryStatus = kMissingBranchWhenSwitchingTree;
   }
 
   for (auto &&fp : fFriendProxies) {
      if (!fp)
         continue;
      if (fp->GetReadEntry() >= 0)
         continue;
      // We are going to read an invalid entry from a friend, propagate
      // this information to the user.
      const auto *frTree = fp->GetDirector()->GetTree();
      if (!frTree)
         continue;
      const std::string frTreeName = dynamic_cast<const TChain *>(frTree)
                                        ? frTree->GetName()
                                        : ROOT::Internal::TreeUtils::GetTreeFullPaths(*frTree)[0];
      // If the friend does not have a TTreeIndex, the cause of a failure reading an entry
      // is most probably a difference in number of entries between main tree and friend tree
      if (!fp->HasIndex()) {
         std::string msg = "Cannot read entry " + std::to_string(entry) + " from friend tree '" + frTreeName +
                           "'. The friend tree has less entries than the main tree. Make sure all trees "
                           "of the dataset have the same number of entries.";
         throw std::runtime_error{msg};
      } else {
         fEntryStatus = kIndexedFriendNoMatch;
      }
   }
 
   return fEntryStatus;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set (or update) the which tree to read from. `tree` can be
/// a TTree or a TChain.
 
void TTreeReader::SetTree(TTree *tree, TEntryList *entryList /*= nullptr*/)
{
   if (fEntryStatus != kEntryNoTree && !TestBit(kBitIsExternalTree)) {
      // a plain TTree is automatically added to the current directory,
      // do not delete it here
      if (IsChain()) {
         delete fTree;
      }
   }
 
   fTree = tree;
   fEntryList = entryList;
   fEntry = -1;
 
   SetBit(kBitIsExternalTree);
   ResetBit(kBitIsChain);
   if (fTree) {
      fLoadTreeStatus = kLoadTreeNone;
      SetBit(kBitIsChain, fTree->InheritsFrom(TChain::Class()));
   } else {
      fLoadTreeStatus = kNoTree;
   }
 
   if (!fDirector) {
      Initialize();
   } else {
      fDirector->SetTree(fTree);
      fDirector->SetReadEntry(-1);
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set (or update) the which tree to read from, passing the name of a tree in a
/// directory.
///
/// \param keyname - name of the tree in `dir`
/// \param dir - the `TDirectory` to load `keyname` from (or gDirectory if `nullptr`)
/// \param entryList - the `TEntryList` to attach to the `TTreeReader`.
 
void TTreeReader::SetTree(const char *keyname, TDirectory *dir, TEntryList *entryList /*= nullptr*/)
{
   TTree *tree = nullptr;
   if (!dir)
      dir = gDirectory;
   dir->GetObject(keyname, tree);
   SetTree(tree, entryList);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add a value reader for this tree.
 
bool TTreeReader::RegisterValueReader(ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase *reader)
{
   if (fProxiesSet) {
      Error("RegisterValueReader",
            "Error registering reader for %s: TTreeReaderValue/Array objects must be created before the call to Next() "
            "/ SetEntry() / SetLocalEntry(), or after TTreeReader::Restart()!",
            reader->GetBranchName());
      return false;
   }
   fValues.push_back(reader);
   return true;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Remove a value reader for this tree.
 
void TTreeReader::DeregisterValueReader(ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase *reader)
{
   std::deque<ROOT::Internal::TTreeReaderValueBase *>::iterator iReader =
      std::find(fValues.begin(), fValues.end(), reader);
   if (iReader == fValues.end()) {
      Error("DeregisterValueReader", "Cannot find reader of type %s for branch %s", reader->GetDerivedTypeName(),
            reader->fBranchName.Data());
      return;
   }
   fValues.erase(iReader);
}