TGeoElement.cxx

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// @(#)root/geom:$Id$
// Author: Andrei Gheata   17/06/04
 
/*************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 1995-2000, Rene Brun and Fons Rademakers.               *
 * All rights reserved.                                                  *
 *                                                                       *
 * For the licensing terms see $ROOTSYS/LICENSE.                         *
 * For the list of contributors see $ROOTSYS/README/CREDITS.             *
 *************************************************************************/
 
/** \class TGeoElement
\ingroup Materials_classes
Base class for chemical elements
*/
 
/** \class TGeoElementRN
\ingroup Geometry_classes
Class representing a radionuclidevoid TGeoManager::SetDefaultRootUnits()
{
   if ( fgDefaultUnits == kRootUnits )   {
      return;
   }
   else if ( gGeometryLocked )    {
      TError::Fatal("TGeoManager","The system of units may only be changed once BEFORE any elements and materials are
created!");
   }
   fgDefaultUnits = kRootUnits;
}
 
*/
 
/** \class TGeoElemIter
\ingroup Geometry_classes
Iterator for decay branches
*/
 
/** \class TGeoDecayChannel
\ingroup Geometry_classes
A decay channel for a radionuclide
*/
 
/** \class TGeoElementTable
\ingroup Geometry_classes
Table of elements
*/
 
#include "RConfigure.h"
 
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
 
#include "TSystem.h"
#include "TROOT.h"
#include "TObjArray.h"
#include "TVirtualGeoPainter.h"
#include "TGeoManager.h"
#include "TGeoElement.h"
#include "TMath.h"
#include "TGeoPhysicalConstants.h"
#include "TGeant4PhysicalConstants.h"
 
// statics and globals
static const Int_t gMaxElem = 110;
static const Int_t gMaxLevel = 8;
static const Int_t gMaxDecay = 15;
 
static const char gElName[gMaxElem][3] = {
   "H ", "He", "Li", "Be", "B ", "C ", "N ", "O ", "F ", "Ne", "Na", "Mg", "Al", "Si", "P ", "S ", "Cl", "Ar", "K ",
   "Ca", "Sc", "Ti", "V ", "Cr", "Mn", "Fe", "Co", "Ni", "Cu", "Zn", "Ga", "Ge", "As", "Se", "Br", "Kr", "Rb", "Sr",
   "Y ", "Zr", "Nb", "Mo", "Tc", "Ru", "Rh", "Pd", "Ag", "Cd", "In", "Sn", "Sb", "Te", "I ", "Xe", "Cs", "Ba", "La",
   "Ce", "Pr", "Nd", "Pm", "Sm", "Eu", "Gd", "Tb", "Dy", "Ho", "Er", "Tm", "Yb", "Lu", "Hf", "Ta", "W ", "Re", "Os",
   "Ir", "Pt", "Au", "Hg", "Tl", "Pb", "Bi", "Po", "At", "Rn", "Fr", "Ra", "Ac", "Th", "Pa", "U ", "Np", "Pu", "Am",
   "Cm", "Bk", "Cf", "Es", "Fm", "Md", "No", "Lr", "Rf", "Db", "Sg", "Bh", "Hs", "Mt", "Ds"};
 
static const char *gDecayName[gMaxDecay + 1] = {
   "2BetaMinus", "BetaMinus", "NeutronEm", "ProtonEm",   "Alpha",  "ECF",      "ElecCapt", "IsoTrans",
   "I",          "SpontFiss", "2ProtonEm", "2NeutronEm", "2Alpha", "Carbon12", "Carbon14", "Stable"};
 
static const Int_t gDecayDeltaA[gMaxDecay] = {0, 0, -1, -1, -4, -99, 0, 0, -99, -99, -2, -2, -8, -12, -14};
 
static const Int_t gDecayDeltaZ[gMaxDecay] = {2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -99, -1, 0, -99, -99, -2, 0, -4, -6, -6};
static const char gLevName[gMaxLevel] = " mnpqrs";
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default constructor
 
TGeoElement::TGeoElement()
{
   TGeoManager::SetDefaultUnits(TGeoManager::GetDefaultUnits()); // Ensure nobody changes the units afterwards
   SetDefined(kFALSE);
   SetUsed(kFALSE);
   fZ = 0;
   fN = 0;
   fNisotopes = 0;
   fA = 0.0;
   fIsotopes = nullptr;
   fAbundances = nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Obsolete constructor
 
TGeoElement::TGeoElement(const char *name, const char *title, Int_t z, Double_t a) : TNamed(name, title)
{
   TGeoManager::SetDefaultUnits(TGeoManager::GetDefaultUnits()); // Ensure nobody changes the units afterwards
   SetDefined(kFALSE);
   SetUsed(kFALSE);
   fZ = z;
   fN = Int_t(a);
   fNisotopes = 0;
   fA = a;
   fIsotopes = nullptr;
   fAbundances = nullptr;
   ComputeDerivedQuantities();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Element having isotopes.
 
TGeoElement::TGeoElement(const char *name, const char *title, Int_t nisotopes) : TNamed(name, title)
{
   TGeoManager::SetDefaultUnits(TGeoManager::GetDefaultUnits()); // Ensure nobody changes the units afterwards
   SetDefined(kFALSE);
   SetUsed(kFALSE);
   fZ = 0;
   fN = 0;
   fNisotopes = nisotopes;
   fA = 0.0;
   fIsotopes = new TObjArray(nisotopes);
   fAbundances = new Double_t[nisotopes];
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Constructor
 
TGeoElement::TGeoElement(const char *name, const char *title, Int_t z, Int_t n, Double_t a) : TNamed(name, title)
{
   TGeoManager::SetDefaultUnits(TGeoManager::GetDefaultUnits()); // Ensure nobody changes the units afterwards
   SetDefined(kFALSE);
   SetUsed(kFALSE);
   fZ = z;
   fN = n;
   fNisotopes = 0;
   fA = a;
   fIsotopes = nullptr;
   fAbundances = nullptr;
   ComputeDerivedQuantities();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// destructor
 
TGeoElement::~TGeoElement()
{
   delete fIsotopes;
   delete[] fAbundances;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Calculate properties for an atomic number
 
void TGeoElement::ComputeDerivedQuantities()
{
   // Radiation Length
   ComputeCoulombFactor();
   ComputeLradTsaiFactor();
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Compute Coulomb correction factor (Phys Rev. D50 3-1 (1994) page 1254)
 
void TGeoElement::ComputeCoulombFactor()
{
   static constexpr Double_t k1 = 0.0083, k2 = 0.20206, k3 = 0.0020, k4 = 0.0369;
   Double_t fsc = TGeoManager::kRootUnits == TGeoManager::GetDefaultUnits() ? TGeoUnit::fine_structure_const
                                                                            : TGeant4Unit::fine_structure_const;
   Double_t az2 = (fsc * fZ) * (fsc * fZ);
   Double_t az4 = az2 * az2;
 
   fCoulomb = (k1 * az4 + k2 + 1. / (1. + az2)) * az2 - (k3 * az4 + k4) * az4;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Compute Tsai's Expression for the Radiation Length (Phys Rev. D50 3-1 (1994) page 1254)
 
void TGeoElement::ComputeLradTsaiFactor()
{
   static constexpr Double_t Lrad_light[] = {5.31, 4.79, 4.74, 4.71};
   static constexpr Double_t Lprad_light[] = {6.144, 5.621, 5.805, 5.924};
 
   fRadTsai = 0.0;
   if (fZ == 0)
      return;
   const Double_t logZ3 = TMath::Log(fZ) / 3.;
 
   Double_t Lrad, Lprad;
   Double_t alpha_rcl2 =
      TGeoManager::kRootUnits == TGeoManager::GetDefaultUnits() ? TGeoUnit::alpha_rcl2 : TGeant4Unit::alpha_rcl2;
   Int_t iz = static_cast<Int_t>(fZ + 0.5) - 1; // The static cast comes from G4lrint
   static const Double_t log184 = TMath::Log(184.15);
   static const Double_t log1194 = TMath::Log(1194.);
   if (iz <= 3) {
      Lrad = Lrad_light[iz];
      Lprad = Lprad_light[iz];
   } else {
      Lrad = log184 - logZ3;
      Lprad = log1194 - 2 * logZ3;
   }
 
   fRadTsai = 4 * alpha_rcl2 * fZ * (fZ * (Lrad - fCoulomb) + Lprad);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print this isotope
 
void TGeoElement::Print(Option_t *option) const
{
   printf("Element: %s      Z=%d   N=%f   A=%f [g/mole]\n", GetName(), fZ, Neff(), fA);
   if (HasIsotopes()) {
      for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNisotopes; i++) {
         TGeoIsotope *iso = GetIsotope(i);
         printf("=>Isotope %s, abundance=%f :\n", iso->GetName(), fAbundances[i]);
         iso->Print(option);
      }
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns pointer to the table.
 
TGeoElementTable *TGeoElement::GetElementTable()
{
   if (!gGeoManager) {
      ::Error("TGeoElementTable::GetElementTable", "Create a geometry manager first");
      return nullptr;
   }
   return gGeoManager->GetElementTable();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add an isotope for this element. All isotopes have to be isotopes of the same element.
 
void TGeoElement::AddIsotope(TGeoIsotope *isotope, Double_t relativeAbundance)
{
   if (!fIsotopes) {
      fNisotopes = 1;
      fIsotopes = new TObjArray();
      fAbundances = new Double_t[1];
   }
   Int_t ncurrent = 0;
   TGeoIsotope *isocrt;
   for (ncurrent = 0; ncurrent < fNisotopes; ncurrent++)
      if (!fIsotopes->At(ncurrent))
         break;
   if (ncurrent == fNisotopes) {
      // User requested overwriting a standard element - we need to extend dynamically the support arrays
      Double_t *abundances = new Double_t[fNisotopes + 1];
      memcpy(abundances, fAbundances, fNisotopes * sizeof(Double_t));
      delete[] fAbundances;
      fAbundances = abundances;
      fNisotopes++;
   }
   // Check Z of the new isotope
   if ((fZ != 0) && (isotope->GetZ() != fZ)) {
      Fatal("AddIsotope", "Trying to add isotope %s with different Z to the same element %s", isotope->GetName(),
            GetName());
      return;
   } else {
      fZ = isotope->GetZ();
   }
   fIsotopes->Add(isotope);
   fAbundances[ncurrent] = relativeAbundance;
   if (ncurrent == fNisotopes - 1) {
      Double_t weight = 0.0;
      Double_t aeff = 0.0;
      Double_t neff = 0.0;
      for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNisotopes; i++) {
         isocrt = (TGeoIsotope *)fIsotopes->At(i);
         aeff += fAbundances[i] * isocrt->GetA();
         neff += fAbundances[i] * isocrt->GetN();
         weight += fAbundances[i];
      }
      aeff /= weight;
      neff /= weight;
      fN = (Int_t)neff;
      fA = aeff;
   }
   ComputeDerivedQuantities();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns effective number of nucleons.
 
Double_t TGeoElement::Neff() const
{
   if (!fNisotopes)
      return fN;
   TGeoIsotope *isocrt;
   Double_t weight = 0.0;
   Double_t neff = 0.0;
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNisotopes; i++) {
      isocrt = (TGeoIsotope *)fIsotopes->At(i);
      neff += fAbundances[i] * isocrt->GetN();
      weight += fAbundances[i];
   }
   neff /= weight;
   return neff;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return i-th isotope in the element.
 
TGeoIsotope *TGeoElement::GetIsotope(Int_t i) const
{
   if (i >= 0 && i < fNisotopes) {
      return (TGeoIsotope *)fIsotopes->At(i);
   }
   return nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return relative abundance of i-th isotope in this element.
 
Double_t TGeoElement::GetRelativeAbundance(Int_t i) const
{
   if (i >= 0 && i < fNisotopes)
      return fAbundances[i];
   return 0.0;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Dummy I/O constructor
 
TGeoIsotope::TGeoIsotope() : TNamed(), fZ(0), fN(0), fA(0) {}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Constructor
 
TGeoIsotope::TGeoIsotope(const char *name, Int_t z, Int_t n, Double_t a) : TNamed(name, ""), fZ(z), fN(n), fA(a)
{
   if (z < 1)
      Fatal("ctor", "Not allowed Z=%d (<1) for isotope: %s", z, name);
   if (n < z)
      Fatal("ctor", "Not allowed Z=%d < N=%d for isotope: %s", z, n, name);
   TGeoElement::GetElementTable()->AddIsotope(this);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Find existing isotope by name.
 
TGeoIsotope *TGeoIsotope::FindIsotope(const char *name)
{
   TGeoElementTable *elTable = TGeoElement::GetElementTable();
   if (!elTable)
      return nullptr;
   return elTable->FindIsotope(name);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print this isotope
 
void TGeoIsotope::Print(Option_t *) const
{
   printf("Isotope: %s     Z=%d   N=%d   A=%f [g/mole]\n", GetName(), fZ, fN, fA);
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default constructor
 
TGeoElementRN::TGeoElementRN()
{
   TObject::SetBit(kElementChecked, kFALSE);
   fENDFcode = 0;
   fIso = 0;
   fLevel = 0;
   fDeltaM = 0;
   fHalfLife = 0;
   fNatAbun = 0;
   fTH_F = 0;
   fTG_F = 0;
   fTH_S = 0;
   fTG_S = 0;
   fStatus = 0;
   fRatio = nullptr;
   fDecays = nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Constructor.
 
TGeoElementRN::TGeoElementRN(Int_t aa, Int_t zz, Int_t iso, Double_t level, Double_t deltaM, Double_t halfLife,
                             const char *JP, Double_t natAbun, Double_t th_f, Double_t tg_f, Double_t th_s,
                             Double_t tg_s, Int_t status)
   : TGeoElement("", JP, zz, aa)
{
   TObject::SetBit(kElementChecked, kFALSE);
   fENDFcode = ENDF(aa, zz, iso);
   fIso = iso;
   fLevel = level;
   fDeltaM = deltaM;
   fHalfLife = halfLife;
   fTitle = JP;
   if (!fTitle.Length())
      fTitle = "?";
   fNatAbun = natAbun;
   fTH_F = th_f;
   fTG_F = tg_f;
   fTH_S = th_s;
   fTG_S = tg_s;
   fStatus = status;
   fDecays = nullptr;
   fRatio = nullptr;
   MakeName(aa, zz, iso);
   if ((TMath::Abs(fHalfLife) < 1.e-30) || fHalfLife < -1)
      Warning("ctor", "Element %s has T1/2=%g [s]", fName.Data(), fHalfLife);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Destructor.
 
TGeoElementRN::~TGeoElementRN()
{
   if (fDecays) {
      fDecays->Delete();
      delete fDecays;
   }
   if (fRatio)
      delete fRatio;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Adds a decay mode for this element.
 
void TGeoElementRN::AddDecay(Int_t decay, Int_t diso, Double_t branchingRatio, Double_t qValue)
{
   if (branchingRatio < 1E-20) {
      TString decayName;
      TGeoDecayChannel::DecayName(decay, decayName);
      Warning("AddDecay", "Decay %s of %s has BR=0. Not added.", decayName.Data(), fName.Data());
      return;
   }
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc = new TGeoDecayChannel(decay, diso, branchingRatio, qValue);
   dc->SetParent(this);
   if (!fDecays)
      fDecays = new TObjArray(5);
   fDecays->Add(dc);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Adds a decay channel to the list of decays.
 
void TGeoElementRN::AddDecay(TGeoDecayChannel *dc)
{
   dc->SetParent(this);
   if (!fDecays)
      fDecays = new TObjArray(5);
   fDecays->Add(dc);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Get number of decay channels of this element.
 
Int_t TGeoElementRN::GetNdecays() const
{
   if (!fDecays)
      return 0;
   return fDecays->GetEntriesFast();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Get the activity in Bq of a gram of material made from this element.
 
Double_t TGeoElementRN::GetSpecificActivity() const
{
   static const Double_t ln2 = TMath::Log(2.);
   Double_t sa = (fHalfLife > 0 && fA > 0) ? (ln2 * TMath::Na() / fHalfLife / fA) : 0.;
   return sa;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Check if all decay chain of the element is OK.
 
Bool_t TGeoElementRN::CheckDecays() const
{
   if (TObject::TestBit(kElementChecked))
      return kTRUE;
   TObject *oelem = (TObject *)this;
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc;
   TGeoElementRN *elem;
   TGeoElementTable *table = GetElementTable();
   TString decayName;
   if (!table) {
      Error("CheckDecays", "Element table not present");
      return kFALSE;
   }
   Bool_t resultOK = kTRUE;
   if (!fDecays) {
      oelem->SetBit(kElementChecked, kTRUE);
      return resultOK;
   }
   Double_t br = 0.;
   Int_t decayResult = 0;
   TIter next(fDecays);
   while ((dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)next())) {
      br += dc->BranchingRatio();
      decayResult = DecayResult(dc);
      if (decayResult) {
         elem = table->GetElementRN(decayResult);
         if (!elem) {
            TGeoDecayChannel::DecayName(dc->Decay(), decayName);
            Error("CheckDecays", "Element after decay %s of %s not found in DB", decayName.Data(), fName.Data());
            return kFALSE;
         }
         dc->SetDaughter(elem);
         resultOK = elem->CheckDecays();
      }
   }
   if (TMath::Abs(br - 100) > 1.E-3) {
      Warning("CheckDecays", "BR for decays of element %s sum-up = %f", fName.Data(), br);
      resultOK = kFALSE;
   }
   oelem->SetBit(kElementChecked, kTRUE);
   return resultOK;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns ENDF code of decay result.
 
Int_t TGeoElementRN::DecayResult(TGeoDecayChannel *dc) const
{
   Int_t da, dz, diso;
   dc->DecayShift(da, dz, diso);
   if (da == -99 || dz == -99)
      return 0;
   return ENDF(Int_t(fA) + da, fZ + dz, fIso + diso);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Fills the input array with the set of RN elements resulting from the decay of
/// this one. All element in the list will contain the time evolution of their
/// proportion by number with respect to this element. The proportion can be
/// retrieved via the method TGeoElementRN::Ratio().
/// The precision represent the minimum cumulative branching ratio for
/// which decay products are still taken into account.
 
void TGeoElementRN::FillPopulation(TObjArray *population, Double_t precision, Double_t factor)
{
   TGeoElementRN *elem;
   TGeoElemIter next(this, precision);
   TGeoBatemanSol s(this);
   s.Normalize(factor);
   AddRatio(s);
   if (!population->FindObject(this))
      population->Add(this);
   while ((elem = next())) {
      TGeoBatemanSol ratio(next.GetBranch());
      ratio.Normalize(factor);
      elem->AddRatio(ratio);
      if (!population->FindObject(elem))
         population->Add(elem);
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Generate a default name for the element.
 
void TGeoElementRN::MakeName(Int_t a, Int_t z, Int_t iso)
{
   fName = "";
   if (z == 0 && a == 1) {
      fName = "neutron";
      return;
   }
   if (z >= 1 && z <= gMaxElem)
      fName += TString::Format("%3d-%s-", z, gElName[z - 1]);
   else
      fName = "?? -?? -";
   if (a >= 1 && a <= 999)
      fName += TString::Format("%3.3d", a);
   else
      fName += "??";
   if (iso > 0 && iso < gMaxLevel)
      fName += TString::Format("%c", gLevName[iso]);
   fName.ReplaceAll(" ", "");
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print info about the element;
 
void TGeoElementRN::Print(Option_t *option) const
{
   printf("\n%-12s ", fName.Data());
   printf("ENDF=%d; ", fENDFcode);
   printf("A=%d; ", (Int_t)fA);
   printf("Z=%d; ", fZ);
   printf("Iso=%d; ", fIso);
   printf("Level=%g[MeV]; ", fLevel);
   printf("Dmass=%g[MeV]; ", fDeltaM);
   if (fHalfLife > 0)
      printf("Hlife=%g[s]\n", fHalfLife);
   else
      printf("Hlife=INF\n");
   printf("%13s", " ");
   printf("J/P=%s; ", fTitle.Data());
   printf("Abund=%g; ", fNatAbun);
   printf("Htox=%g; ", fTH_F);
   printf("Itox=%g; ", fTG_F);
   printf("Stat=%d\n", fStatus);
   if (!fDecays)
      return;
   printf("Decay modes:\n");
   TIter next(fDecays);
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc;
   while ((dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)next()))
      dc->Print(option);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Create element from line record.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElementRN::ReadElementRN(const char *line, Int_t &ndecays)
{
   Int_t a, z, iso, status;
   Double_t level, deltaM, halfLife, natAbun, th_f, tg_f, th_s, tg_s;
   char name[20], jp[20];
   sscanf(&line[0], "%s%d%d%d%lg%lg%lg%s%lg%lg%lg%lg%lg%d%d", name, &a, &z, &iso, &level, &deltaM, &halfLife, jp,
          &natAbun, &th_f, &tg_f, &th_s, &tg_s, &status, &ndecays);
   TGeoElementRN *elem =
      new TGeoElementRN(a, z, iso, level, deltaM, halfLife, jp, natAbun, th_f, tg_f, th_s, tg_s, status);
   return elem;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Save primitive for RN elements.
 
void TGeoElementRN::SavePrimitive(std::ostream &out, Option_t *option)
{
   if (!strcmp(option, "h")) {
      // print a header if requested
      out << "#========================================================================================================"
             "============================"
          << std::endl;
      out << "#   Name      A    Z   ISO    LEV[MeV]  DM[MeV]   T1/2[s]        J/P     ABUND[%]    HTOX      ITOX      "
             "HTOX      ITOX    STAT NDCY"
          << std::endl;
      out << "#========================================================================================================"
             "============================"
          << std::endl;
   }
   out << std::setw(11) << fName.Data();
   out << std::setw(5) << (Int_t)fA;
   out << std::setw(5) << fZ;
   out << std::setw(5) << fIso;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fLevel;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fDeltaM;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::scientific) << std::setprecision(3) << fHalfLife;
   out << std::setw(13) << fTitle.Data();
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fNatAbun;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fTH_F;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fTG_F;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fTH_S;
   out << std::setw(10) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(5) << fTG_S;
   out << std::setw(5) << fStatus;
   Int_t ndecays = 0;
   if (fDecays)
      ndecays = fDecays->GetEntries();
   out << std::setw(5) << ndecays;
   out << std::endl;
   if (fDecays) {
      TIter next(fDecays);
      TGeoDecayChannel *dc;
      while ((dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)next()))
         dc->SavePrimitive(out);
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Adds a proportion ratio to the existing one.
 
void TGeoElementRN::AddRatio(TGeoBatemanSol &ratio)
{
   if (!fRatio)
      fRatio = new TGeoBatemanSol(ratio);
   else
      *fRatio += ratio;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Clears the existing ratio.
 
void TGeoElementRN::ResetRatio()
{
   if (fRatio) {
      delete fRatio;
      fRatio = nullptr;
   }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Assignment.
/// assignment operator
 
TGeoDecayChannel &TGeoDecayChannel::operator=(const TGeoDecayChannel &dc)
{
   if (this != &dc) {
      TObject::operator=(dc);
      fDecay = dc.fDecay;
      fDiso = dc.fDiso;
      fBranchingRatio = dc.fBranchingRatio;
      fQvalue = dc.fQvalue;
      fParent = dc.fParent;
      fDaughter = dc.fDaughter;
   }
   return *this;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns name of decay.
 
const char *TGeoDecayChannel::GetName() const
{
   static TString name = "";
   name = "";
   if (!fDecay)
      return gDecayName[gMaxDecay];
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < gMaxDecay; i++) {
      if (1 << i & fDecay) {
         if (name.Length())
            name += "+";
         name += gDecayName[i];
      }
   }
   return name.Data();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns decay name.
 
void TGeoDecayChannel::DecayName(UInt_t decay, TString &name)
{
   if (!decay) {
      name = gDecayName[gMaxDecay];
      return;
   }
   name = "";
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < gMaxDecay; i++) {
      if (1 << i & decay) {
         if (name.Length())
            name += "+";
         name += gDecayName[i];
      }
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Get index of this channel in the list of decays of the parent nuclide.
 
Int_t TGeoDecayChannel::GetIndex() const
{
   return fParent->Decays()->IndexOf(this);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Prints decay info.
 
void TGeoDecayChannel::Print(Option_t *) const
{
   TString name;
   DecayName(fDecay, name);
   printf("%-20s Diso: %3d BR: %9.3f%% Qval: %g\n", name.Data(), fDiso, fBranchingRatio, fQvalue);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Create element from line record.
 
TGeoDecayChannel *TGeoDecayChannel::ReadDecay(const char *line)
{
   char name[80];
   Int_t decay, diso;
   Double_t branchingRatio, qValue;
   sscanf(&line[0], "%s%d%d%lg%lg", name, &decay, &diso, &branchingRatio, &qValue);
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc = new TGeoDecayChannel(decay, diso, branchingRatio, qValue);
   return dc;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Save primitive for decays.
 
void TGeoDecayChannel::SavePrimitive(std::ostream &out, Option_t *)
{
   TString decayName;
   DecayName(fDecay, decayName);
   out << std::setw(50) << decayName.Data();
   out << std::setw(10) << fDecay;
   out << std::setw(10) << fDiso;
   out << std::setw(12) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(6) << fBranchingRatio;
   out << std::setw(12) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::fixed) << std::setprecision(6) << fQvalue;
   out << std::endl;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns variation in A, Z and Iso after decay.
 
void TGeoDecayChannel::DecayShift(Int_t &dA, Int_t &dZ, Int_t &dI) const
{
   dA = dZ = 0;
   dI = fDiso;
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < gMaxDecay; ++i) {
      if (1 << i & fDecay) {
         if (gDecayDeltaA[i] == -99 || gDecayDeltaZ[i] == -99) {
            dA = dZ = -99;
            return;
         }
         dA += gDecayDeltaA[i];
         dZ += gDecayDeltaZ[i];
      }
   }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default constructor.
 
TGeoElemIter::TGeoElemIter(TGeoElementRN *top, Double_t limit)
   : fTop(top), fElem(top), fBranch(nullptr), fLevel(0), fLimitRatio(limit), fRatio(1.)
{
   fBranch = new TObjArray(10);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Copy ctor.
 
TGeoElemIter::TGeoElemIter(const TGeoElemIter &iter)
   : fTop(iter.fTop),
     fElem(iter.fElem),
     fBranch(nullptr),
     fLevel(iter.fLevel),
     fLimitRatio(iter.fLimitRatio),
     fRatio(iter.fRatio)
{
   if (iter.fBranch) {
      fBranch = new TObjArray(10);
      for (Int_t i = 0; i < fLevel; i++)
         fBranch->Add(iter.fBranch->At(i));
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Destructor.
 
TGeoElemIter::~TGeoElemIter()
{
   if (fBranch)
      delete fBranch;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Assignment.
 
TGeoElemIter &TGeoElemIter::operator=(const TGeoElemIter &iter)
{
   if (&iter == this)
      return *this;
   fTop = iter.fTop;
   fElem = iter.fElem;
   fLevel = iter.fLevel;
   if (iter.fBranch) {
      fBranch = new TObjArray(10);
      for (Int_t i = 0; i < fLevel; i++)
         fBranch->Add(iter.fBranch->At(i));
   }
   fLimitRatio = iter.fLimitRatio;
   fRatio = iter.fRatio;
   return *this;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// () operator.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElemIter::operator()()
{
   return Next();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Go upwards from the current location until the next branching, then down.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElemIter::Up()
{
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc;
   Int_t ind, nd;
   while (fLevel) {
      // Current decay channel
      dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)fBranch->At(fLevel - 1);
      ind = dc->GetIndex();
      nd = dc->Parent()->GetNdecays();
      fRatio /= 0.01 * dc->BranchingRatio();
      fElem = dc->Parent();
      fBranch->RemoveAt(--fLevel);
      ind++;
      while (ind < nd) {
         if (Down(ind++))
            return (TGeoElementRN *)fElem;
      }
   }
   fElem = nullptr;
   return nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Go downwards from current level via ibranch as low in the tree as possible.
/// Return value flags if the operation was successful.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElemIter::Down(Int_t ibranch)
{
   if (!fElem)
      return nullptr;
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)fElem->Decays()->At(ibranch);
   if (!dc->Daughter())
      return nullptr;
   Double_t br = 0.01 * fRatio * dc->BranchingRatio();
   if (br < fLimitRatio)
      return nullptr;
   fLevel++;
   fRatio = br;
   fBranch->Add(dc);
   fElem = dc->Daughter();
   return (TGeoElementRN *)fElem;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return next element.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElemIter::Next()
{
   if (!fElem)
      return nullptr;
   // Check if this is the first iteration.
   Int_t nd = fElem->GetNdecays();
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < nd; i++)
      if (Down(i))
         return (TGeoElementRN *)fElem;
   return Up();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print info about the current decay branch.
 
void TGeoElemIter::Print(Option_t * /*option*/) const
{
   TGeoElementRN *elem;
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc;
   TString indent = "";
   printf("=== Chain with %g %%\n", 100 * fRatio);
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < fLevel; i++) {
      dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)fBranch->At(i);
      elem = dc->Parent();
      printf("%s%s (%g%% %s) T1/2=%g\n", indent.Data(), elem->GetName(), dc->BranchingRatio(), dc->GetName(),
             elem->HalfLife());
      indent += " ";
      if (i == fLevel - 1) {
         elem = dc->Daughter();
         printf("%s%s\n", indent.Data(), elem->GetName());
      }
   }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// default constructor
 
TGeoElementTable::TGeoElementTable()
{
   fNelements = 0;
   fNelementsRN = 0;
   fNisotopes = 0;
   fList = nullptr;
   fListRN = nullptr;
   fIsotopes = nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// constructor
 
TGeoElementTable::TGeoElementTable(Int_t /*nelements*/)
{
   fNelements = 0;
   fNelementsRN = 0;
   fNisotopes = 0;
   fList = new TObjArray(128);
   fListRN = nullptr;
   fIsotopes = nullptr;
   BuildDefaultElements();
   //   BuildElementsRN();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// copy constructor
 
TGeoElementTable::TGeoElementTable(const TGeoElementTable &get)
   : TObject(get),
     fNelements(get.fNelements),
     fNelementsRN(get.fNelementsRN),
     fNisotopes(get.fNisotopes),
     fList(get.fList),
     fListRN(get.fListRN),
     fIsotopes(nullptr)
{
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// assignment operator
 
TGeoElementTable &TGeoElementTable::operator=(const TGeoElementTable &get)
{
   if (this != &get) {
      TObject::operator=(get);
      fNelements = get.fNelements;
      fNelementsRN = get.fNelementsRN;
      fNisotopes = get.fNisotopes;
      fList = get.fList;
      fListRN = get.fListRN;
      fIsotopes = nullptr;
   }
   return *this;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// destructor
 
TGeoElementTable::~TGeoElementTable()
{
   if (fList) {
      fList->Delete();
      delete fList;
   }
   if (fListRN) {
      fListRN->Delete();
      delete fListRN;
   }
   if (fIsotopes) {
      fIsotopes->Delete();
      delete fIsotopes;
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add an element to the table. Obsolete.
 
void TGeoElementTable::AddElement(const char *name, const char *title, Int_t z, Double_t a)
{
   if (!fList)
      fList = new TObjArray(128);
   fList->AddAtAndExpand(new TGeoElement(name, title, z, a), fNelements++);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add an element to the table.
 
void TGeoElementTable::AddElement(const char *name, const char *title, Int_t z, Int_t n, Double_t a)
{
   if (!fList)
      fList = new TObjArray(128);
   fList->AddAtAndExpand(new TGeoElement(name, title, z, n, a), fNelements++);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add a custom element to the table.
 
void TGeoElementTable::AddElement(TGeoElement *elem)
{
   if (!fList)
      fList = new TObjArray(128);
   TGeoElement *orig = FindElement(elem->GetName());
   if (orig) {
      Error("AddElement", "Found element with same name: %s (%s). Cannot add to table.", orig->GetName(),
            orig->GetTitle());
      return;
   }
   fList->AddAtAndExpand(elem, fNelements++);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add a radionuclide to the table and map it.
 
void TGeoElementTable::AddElementRN(TGeoElementRN *elem)
{
   if (!fListRN)
      fListRN = new TObjArray(3600);
   if (HasRNElements() && GetElementRN(elem->ENDFCode()))
      return;
   //   elem->Print();
   fListRN->Add(elem);
   fNelementsRN++;
   fElementsRN.insert(ElementRNMap_t::value_type(elem->ENDFCode(), elem));
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add isotope to the table.
 
void TGeoElementTable::AddIsotope(TGeoIsotope *isotope)
{
   if (FindIsotope(isotope->GetName())) {
      Error("AddIsotope", "Isotope with the same name: %s already in table. Not adding.", isotope->GetName());
      return;
   }
   if (!fIsotopes)
      fIsotopes = new TObjArray();
   fIsotopes->Add(isotope);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Creates the default element table
 
void TGeoElementTable::BuildDefaultElements()
{
   if (HasDefaultElements())
      return;
   AddElement("VACUUM", "VACUUM", 0, 0, 0.0);
   AddElement("H", "HYDROGEN", 1, 1, 1.00794);
   AddElement("HE", "HELIUM", 2, 4, 4.002602);
   AddElement("LI", "LITHIUM", 3, 7, 6.941);
   AddElement("BE", "BERYLLIUM", 4, 9, 9.01218);
   AddElement("B", "BORON", 5, 11, 10.811);
   AddElement("C", "CARBON", 6, 12, 12.0107);
   AddElement("N", "NITROGEN", 7, 14, 14.00674);
   AddElement("O", "OXYGEN", 8, 16, 15.9994);
   AddElement("F", "FLUORINE", 9, 19, 18.9984032);
   AddElement("NE", "NEON", 10, 20, 20.1797);
   AddElement("NA", "SODIUM", 11, 23, 22.989770);
   AddElement("MG", "MAGNESIUM", 12, 24, 24.3050);
   AddElement("AL", "ALUMINIUM", 13, 27, 26.981538);
   AddElement("SI", "SILICON", 14, 28, 28.0855);
   AddElement("P", "PHOSPHORUS", 15, 31, 30.973761);
   AddElement("S", "SULFUR", 16, 32, 32.066);
   AddElement("CL", "CHLORINE", 17, 35, 35.4527);
   AddElement("AR", "ARGON", 18, 40, 39.948);
   AddElement("K", "POTASSIUM", 19, 39, 39.0983);
   AddElement("CA", "CALCIUM", 20, 40, 40.078);
   AddElement("SC", "SCANDIUM", 21, 45, 44.955910);
   AddElement("TI", "TITANIUM", 22, 48, 47.867);
   AddElement("V", "VANADIUM", 23, 51, 50.9415);
   AddElement("CR", "CHROMIUM", 24, 52, 51.9961);
   AddElement("MN", "MANGANESE", 25, 55, 54.938049);
   AddElement("FE", "IRON", 26, 56, 55.845);
   AddElement("CO", "COBALT", 27, 59, 58.933200);
   AddElement("NI", "NICKEL", 28, 59, 58.6934);
   AddElement("CU", "COPPER", 29, 64, 63.546);
   AddElement("ZN", "ZINC", 30, 65, 65.39);
   AddElement("GA", "GALLIUM", 31, 70, 69.723);
   AddElement("GE", "GERMANIUM", 32, 73, 72.61);
   AddElement("AS", "ARSENIC", 33, 75, 74.92160);
   AddElement("SE", "SELENIUM", 34, 79, 78.96);
   AddElement("BR", "BROMINE", 35, 80, 79.904);
   AddElement("KR", "KRYPTON", 36, 84, 83.80);
   AddElement("RB", "RUBIDIUM", 37, 85, 85.4678);
   AddElement("SR", "STRONTIUM", 38, 88, 87.62);
   AddElement("Y", "YTTRIUM", 39, 89, 88.90585);
   AddElement("ZR", "ZIRCONIUM", 40, 91, 91.224);
   AddElement("NB", "NIOBIUM", 41, 93, 92.90638);
   AddElement("MO", "MOLYBDENUM", 42, 96, 95.94);
   AddElement("TC", "TECHNETIUM", 43, 98, 98.0);
   AddElement("RU", "RUTHENIUM", 44, 101, 101.07);
   AddElement("RH", "RHODIUM", 45, 103, 102.90550);
   AddElement("PD", "PALLADIUM", 46, 106, 106.42);
   AddElement("AG", "SILVER", 47, 108, 107.8682);
   AddElement("CD", "CADMIUM", 48, 112, 112.411);
   AddElement("IN", "INDIUM", 49, 115, 114.818);
   AddElement("SN", "TIN", 50, 119, 118.710);
   AddElement("SB", "ANTIMONY", 51, 122, 121.760);
   AddElement("TE", "TELLURIUM", 52, 128, 127.60);
   AddElement("I", "IODINE", 53, 127, 126.90447);
   AddElement("XE", "XENON", 54, 131, 131.29);
   AddElement("CS", "CESIUM", 55, 133, 132.90545);
   AddElement("BA", "BARIUM", 56, 137, 137.327);
   AddElement("LA", "LANTHANUM", 57, 139, 138.9055);
   AddElement("CE", "CERIUM", 58, 140, 140.116);
   AddElement("PR", "PRASEODYMIUM", 59, 141, 140.90765);
   AddElement("ND", "NEODYMIUM", 60, 144, 144.24);
   AddElement("PM", "PROMETHIUM", 61, 145, 145.0);
   AddElement("SM", "SAMARIUM", 62, 150, 150.36);
   AddElement("EU", "EUROPIUM", 63, 152, 151.964);
   AddElement("GD", "GADOLINIUM", 64, 157, 157.25);
   AddElement("TB", "TERBIUM", 65, 159, 158.92534);
   AddElement("DY", "DYSPROSIUM", 66, 162, 162.50);
   AddElement("HO", "HOLMIUM", 67, 165, 164.93032);
   AddElement("ER", "ERBIUM", 68, 167, 167.26);
   AddElement("TM", "THULIUM", 69, 169, 168.93421);
   AddElement("YB", "YTTERBIUM", 70, 173, 173.04);
   AddElement("LU", "LUTETIUM", 71, 175, 174.967);
   AddElement("HF", "HAFNIUM", 72, 178, 178.49);
   AddElement("TA", "TANTALUM", 73, 181, 180.9479);
   AddElement("W", "TUNGSTEN", 74, 184, 183.84);
   AddElement("RE", "RHENIUM", 75, 186, 186.207);
   AddElement("OS", "OSMIUM", 76, 190, 190.23);
   AddElement("IR", "IRIDIUM", 77, 192, 192.217);
   AddElement("PT", "PLATINUM", 78, 195, 195.078);
   AddElement("AU", "GOLD", 79, 197, 196.96655);
   AddElement("HG", "MERCURY", 80, 200, 200.59);
   AddElement("TL", "THALLIUM", 81, 204, 204.3833);
   AddElement("PB", "LEAD", 82, 207, 207.2);
   AddElement("BI", "BISMUTH", 83, 209, 208.98038);
   AddElement("PO", "POLONIUM", 84, 209, 209.0);
   AddElement("AT", "ASTATINE", 85, 210, 210.0);
   AddElement("RN", "RADON", 86, 222, 222.0);
   AddElement("FR", "FRANCIUM", 87, 223, 223.0);
   AddElement("RA", "RADIUM", 88, 226, 226.0);
   AddElement("AC", "ACTINIUM", 89, 227, 227.0);
   AddElement("TH", "THORIUM", 90, 232, 232.0381);
   AddElement("PA", "PROTACTINIUM", 91, 231, 231.03588);
   AddElement("U", "URANIUM", 92, 238, 238.0289);
   AddElement("NP", "NEPTUNIUM", 93, 237, 237.0);
   AddElement("PU", "PLUTONIUM", 94, 244, 244.0);
   AddElement("AM", "AMERICIUM", 95, 243, 243.0);
   AddElement("CM", "CURIUM", 96, 247, 247.0);
   AddElement("BK", "BERKELIUM", 97, 247, 247.0);
   AddElement("CF", "CALIFORNIUM", 98, 251, 251.0);
   AddElement("ES", "EINSTEINIUM", 99, 252, 252.0);
   AddElement("FM", "FERMIUM", 100, 257, 257.0);
   AddElement("MD", "MENDELEVIUM", 101, 258, 258.0);
   AddElement("NO", "NOBELIUM", 102, 259, 259.0);
   AddElement("LR", "LAWRENCIUM", 103, 262, 262.0);
   AddElement("RF", "RUTHERFORDIUM", 104, 261, 261.0);
   AddElement("DB", "DUBNIUM", 105, 262, 262.0);
   AddElement("SG", "SEABORGIUM", 106, 263, 263.0);
   AddElement("BH", "BOHRIUM", 107, 262, 262.0);
   AddElement("HS", "HASSIUM", 108, 265, 265.0);
   AddElement("MT", "MEITNERIUM", 109, 266, 266.0);
   AddElement("UUN", "UNUNNILIUM", 110, 269, 269.0);
   AddElement("UUU", "UNUNUNIUM", 111, 272, 272.0);
   AddElement("UUB", "UNUNBIUM", 112, 277, 277.0);
 
   TObject::SetBit(kETDefaultElements, kTRUE);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Creates the list of radionuclides.
 
void TGeoElementTable::ImportElementsRN()
{
   if (HasRNElements())
      return;
   TGeoElementRN *elem;
   TString rnf = "RadioNuclides.txt";
   gSystem->PrependPathName(TROOT::GetEtcDir(), rnf);
   FILE *fp = fopen(rnf, "r");
   if (!fp) {
      Error("ImportElementsRN", "File RadioNuclides.txt not found");
      return;
   }
   char line[150];
   Int_t ndecays = 0;
   Int_t i;
   while (fgets(&line[0], 140, fp)) {
      if (line[0] == '#')
         continue;
      elem = TGeoElementRN::ReadElementRN(line, ndecays);
      for (i = 0; i < ndecays; i++) {
         if (!fgets(&line[0], 140, fp)) {
            Error("ImportElementsRN", "Error parsing RadioNuclides.txt file");
            fclose(fp);
            return;
         }
         TGeoDecayChannel *dc = TGeoDecayChannel::ReadDecay(line);
         elem->AddDecay(dc);
      }
      AddElementRN(elem);
      //      elem->Print();
   }
   TObject::SetBit(kETRNElements, kTRUE);
   CheckTable();
   fclose(fp);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Checks status of element table.
 
Bool_t TGeoElementTable::CheckTable() const
{
   if (!HasRNElements())
      return HasDefaultElements();
   TGeoElementRN *elem;
   Bool_t result = kTRUE;
   TIter next(fListRN);
   while ((elem = (TGeoElementRN *)next())) {
      if (!elem->CheckDecays())
         result = kFALSE;
   }
   return result;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Export radionuclides in a file.
 
void TGeoElementTable::ExportElementsRN(const char *filename)
{
   if (!HasRNElements())
      return;
   TString sname = filename;
   if (!sname.Length())
      sname = "RadioNuclides.txt";
   std::ofstream out;
   out.open(sname.Data(), std::ios::out);
   if (!out.good()) {
      Error("ExportElementsRN", "Cannot open file %s", sname.Data());
      return;
   }
 
   TGeoElementRN *elem;
   TIter next(fListRN);
   Int_t i = 0;
   while ((elem = (TGeoElementRN *)next())) {
      if ((i % 48) == 0)
         elem->SavePrimitive(out, "h");
      else
         elem->SavePrimitive(out);
      i++;
   }
   out.close();
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Search an element by symbol or full name
/// Exact matching
 
TGeoElement *TGeoElementTable::FindElement(const char *name) const
{
   TGeoElement *elem;
   elem = (TGeoElement *)fList->FindObject(name);
   if (elem)
      return elem;
   // Search case insensitive by element name
   TString s(name);
   s.ToUpper();
   elem = (TGeoElement *)fList->FindObject(s.Data());
   if (elem)
      return elem;
   // Search by full name
   TIter next(fList);
   while ((elem = (TGeoElement *)next())) {
      if (s == elem->GetTitle())
         return elem;
   }
   return nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Find existing isotope by name. Not optimized for a big number of isotopes.
 
TGeoIsotope *TGeoElementTable::FindIsotope(const char *name) const
{
   if (!fIsotopes)
      return nullptr;
   return (TGeoIsotope *)fIsotopes->FindObject(name);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Retrieve a radionuclide by ENDF code.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElementTable::GetElementRN(Int_t ENDFcode) const
{
   if (!HasRNElements()) {
      TGeoElementTable *table = (TGeoElementTable *)this;
      table->ImportElementsRN();
      if (!fListRN)
         return nullptr;
   }
   ElementRNMap_t::const_iterator it = fElementsRN.find(ENDFcode);
   if (it != fElementsRN.end())
      return it->second;
   return nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Retrieve a radionuclide by a, z, and isomeric state.
 
TGeoElementRN *TGeoElementTable::GetElementRN(Int_t a, Int_t z, Int_t iso) const
{
   return GetElementRN(TGeoElementRN::ENDF(a, z, iso));
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print table of elements. The accepted options are:
///  ""  - prints everything by default
///  "D" - prints default elements only
///  "I" - prints isotopes
///  "R" - prints radio-nuclides only if imported
///  "U" - prints user-defined elements only
 
void TGeoElementTable::Print(Option_t *option) const
{
   TString opt(option);
   opt.ToUpper();
   Int_t induser = HasDefaultElements() ? 113 : 0;
   // Default elements
   if (opt == "" || opt == "D") {
      if (induser)
         printf("================\nDefault elements\n================\n");
      for (Int_t iel = 0; iel < induser; ++iel)
         fList->At(iel)->Print();
   }
   // Isotopes
   if (opt == "" || opt == "I") {
      if (fIsotopes) {
         printf("================\nIsotopes\n================\n");
         fIsotopes->Print();
      }
   }
   // Radio-nuclides
   if (opt == "" || opt == "R") {
      if (HasRNElements()) {
         printf("================\nRadio-nuclides\n================\n");
         fListRN->Print();
      }
   }
   // User-defined elements
   if (opt == "" || opt == "U") {
      if (fNelements > induser)
         printf("================\nUser elements\n================\n");
      for (Int_t iel = induser; iel < fNelements; ++iel)
         fList->At(iel)->Print();
   }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default ctor.
 
TGeoBatemanSol::TGeoBatemanSol(TGeoElementRN *elem)
   : TObject(),
     TAttLine(),
     TAttFill(),
     TAttMarker(),
     fElem(elem),
     fElemTop(elem),
     fCsize(10),
     fNcoeff(0),
     fFactor(1.),
     fTmin(0.),
     fTmax(0.),
     fCoeff(nullptr)
{
   fCoeff = new BtCoef_t[fCsize];
   fNcoeff = 1;
   fCoeff[0].cn = 1.;
   Double_t t12 = elem->HalfLife();
   if (t12 == 0.)
      t12 = 1.e-30;
   if (elem->Stable())
      fCoeff[0].lambda = 0.;
   else
      fCoeff[0].lambda = TMath::Log(2.) / t12;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default ctor.
 
TGeoBatemanSol::TGeoBatemanSol(const TObjArray *chain)
   : TObject(),
     TAttLine(),
     TAttFill(),
     TAttMarker(),
     fElem(nullptr),
     fElemTop(nullptr),
     fCsize(0),
     fNcoeff(0),
     fFactor(1.),
     fTmin(0.),
     fTmax(0.),
     fCoeff(nullptr)
{
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)chain->At(0);
   if (dc)
      fElemTop = dc->Parent();
   dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)chain->At(chain->GetEntriesFast() - 1);
   if (dc) {
      fElem = dc->Daughter();
      fCsize = chain->GetEntriesFast() + 1;
      fCoeff = new BtCoef_t[fCsize];
      FindSolution(chain);
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Copy constructor.
 
TGeoBatemanSol::TGeoBatemanSol(const TGeoBatemanSol &other)
   : TObject(other),
     TAttLine(other),
     TAttFill(other),
     TAttMarker(other),
     fElem(other.fElem),
     fElemTop(other.fElemTop),
     fCsize(other.fCsize),
     fNcoeff(other.fNcoeff),
     fFactor(other.fFactor),
     fTmin(other.fTmin),
     fTmax(other.fTmax),
     fCoeff(nullptr)
{
   if (fCsize) {
      fCoeff = new BtCoef_t[fCsize];
      for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++) {
         fCoeff[i].cn = other.fCoeff[i].cn;
         fCoeff[i].lambda = other.fCoeff[i].lambda;
      }
   }
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Destructor.
 
TGeoBatemanSol::~TGeoBatemanSol()
{
   if (fCoeff)
      delete[] fCoeff;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Assignment.
 
TGeoBatemanSol &TGeoBatemanSol::operator=(const TGeoBatemanSol &other)
{
   if (this == &other)
      return *this;
   TObject::operator=(other);
   TAttLine::operator=(other);
   TAttFill::operator=(other);
   TAttMarker::operator=(other);
   fElem = other.fElem;
   fElemTop = other.fElemTop;
   if (fCoeff)
      delete[] fCoeff;
   fCoeff = nullptr;
   fCsize = other.fCsize;
   fNcoeff = other.fNcoeff;
   fFactor = other.fFactor;
   fTmin = other.fTmin;
   fTmax = other.fTmax;
   if (fCsize) {
      fCoeff = new BtCoef_t[fCsize];
      for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++) {
         fCoeff[i].cn = other.fCoeff[i].cn;
         fCoeff[i].lambda = other.fCoeff[i].lambda;
      }
   }
   return *this;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Addition of other solution.
 
TGeoBatemanSol &TGeoBatemanSol::operator+=(const TGeoBatemanSol &other)
{
   if (other.GetElement() != fElem) {
      Error("operator+=", "Cannot add 2 solutions for different elements");
      return *this;
   }
   Int_t i, j;
   BtCoef_t *coeff = fCoeff;
   Int_t ncoeff = fNcoeff + other.fNcoeff;
   if (ncoeff > fCsize) {
      fCsize = ncoeff;
      coeff = new BtCoef_t[ncoeff];
      for (i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++) {
         coeff[i].cn = fCoeff[i].cn;
         coeff[i].lambda = fCoeff[i].lambda;
      }
      delete[] fCoeff;
      fCoeff = coeff;
   }
   ncoeff = fNcoeff;
   for (j = 0; j < other.fNcoeff; j++) {
      for (i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++) {
         if (coeff[i].lambda == other.fCoeff[j].lambda) {
            coeff[i].cn += fFactor * other.fCoeff[j].cn;
            break;
         }
      }
      if (i == fNcoeff) {
         coeff[ncoeff].cn = fFactor * other.fCoeff[j].cn;
         coeff[ncoeff].lambda = other.fCoeff[j].lambda;
         ncoeff++;
      }
   }
   fNcoeff = ncoeff;
   return *this;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Find concentration of the element at a given time.
 
Double_t TGeoBatemanSol::Concentration(Double_t time) const
{
   Double_t conc = 0.;
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++)
      conc += fCoeff[i].cn * TMath::Exp(-fCoeff[i].lambda * time);
   return conc;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Draw the solution of Bateman equation versus time.
 
void TGeoBatemanSol::Draw(Option_t *option)
{
   if (!gGeoManager)
      return;
   gGeoManager->GetGeomPainter()->DrawBatemanSol(this, option);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Find the solution for the Bateman equations corresponding to the decay
/// chain described by an array ending with element X.
/// A->B->...->X
/// Cn = SUM [Ain * exp(-LMBDi*t)];
///      Cn    - concentration Nx/Na
///      n     - order of X in chain (A->B->X => n=3)
///      LMBDi - decay constant for element of order i in the chain
///      Ain = LMBD1*...*LMBD(n-1) * br1*...*br(n-1)/(LMBD1-LMBDi)...(LMBDn-LMBDi)
///      bri   - branching ratio for decay Ei->Ei+1
 
void TGeoBatemanSol::FindSolution(const TObjArray *array)
{
   fNcoeff = 0;
   if (!array || !array->GetEntriesFast())
      return;
   Int_t n = array->GetEntriesFast();
   TGeoDecayChannel *dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)array->At(n - 1);
   TGeoElementRN *elem = dc->Daughter();
   if (elem != fElem) {
      Error("FindSolution", "Last element in the list must be %s\n", fElem->GetName());
      return;
   }
   Int_t i, j;
   Int_t order = n + 1;
   if (!fCoeff) {
      fCsize = order;
      fCoeff = new BtCoef_t[fCsize];
   }
   if (fCsize < order) {
      delete[] fCoeff;
      fCsize = order;
      fCoeff = new BtCoef_t[fCsize];
   }
 
   Double_t *lambda = new Double_t[order];
   Double_t *br = new Double_t[n];
   Double_t halflife;
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      dc = (TGeoDecayChannel *)array->At(i);
      elem = dc->Parent();
      br[i] = 0.01 * dc->BranchingRatio();
      halflife = elem->HalfLife();
      if (halflife == 0.)
         halflife = 1.e-30;
      if (elem->Stable())
         lambda[i] = 0.;
      else
         lambda[i] = TMath::Log(2.) / halflife;
      if (i == n - 1) {
         elem = dc->Daughter();
         halflife = elem->HalfLife();
         if (halflife == 0.)
            halflife = 1.e-30;
         if (elem->Stable())
            lambda[n] = 0.;
         else
            lambda[n] = TMath::Log(2.) / halflife;
      }
   }
   // Check if we have equal lambdas
   for (i = 0; i < order - 1; i++) {
      for (j = i + 1; j < order; j++) {
         if (lambda[j] == lambda[i])
            lambda[j] += 0.001 * lambda[j];
      }
   }
   Double_t ain;
   Double_t pdlambda, plambdabr = 1.;
   for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
      plambdabr *= lambda[j] * br[j];
   for (i = 0; i < order; i++) {
      pdlambda = 1.;
      for (j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {
         if (j == i)
            continue;
         pdlambda *= lambda[j] - lambda[i];
      }
      if (pdlambda == 0.) {
         Error("FindSolution", "pdlambda=0 !!!");
         delete[] lambda;
         delete[] br;
         return;
      }
      ain = plambdabr / pdlambda;
      fCoeff[i].cn = ain;
      fCoeff[i].lambda = lambda[i];
   }
   fNcoeff = order;
   Normalize(fFactor);
   delete[] lambda;
   delete[] br;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Normalize all coefficients with a given factor.
 
void TGeoBatemanSol::Normalize(Double_t factor)
{
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++)
      fCoeff[i].cn *= factor;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print concentration evolution.
 
void TGeoBatemanSol::Print(Option_t * /*option*/) const
{
   TString formula;
   formula.Form("N[%s]/N[%s] = ", fElem->GetName(), fElemTop->GetName());
   for (Int_t i = 0; i < fNcoeff; i++) {
      if (i == fNcoeff - 1)
         formula += TString::Format("%g*exp(-%g*t)", fCoeff[i].cn, fCoeff[i].lambda);
      else
         formula += TString::Format("%g*exp(-%g*t) + ", fCoeff[i].cn, fCoeff[i].lambda);
   }
   printf("%s\n", formula.Data());
}