#include "TH1D.h"
#include "TVirtualFFT.h"
#include "TF1.h"
#include "TCanvas.h"
#include "TMath.h"

void FFT1()
{

//This tutorial illustrates the Fast Fourier Transforms interface in ROOT.
//FFT transform types provided in ROOT:
// - "C2CFORWARD" - a complex input/output discrete Fourier transform (DFT) 
//                  in one or more dimensions, -1 in the exponent
// - "C2CBACKWARD"- a complex input/output discrete Fourier transform (DFT) 
//                  in one or more dimensions, +1 in the exponent
// - "R2C"        - a real-input/complex-output discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
//                  in one or more dimensions,
// - "C2R"        - inverse transforms to "R2C", taking complex input 
//                  (storing the non-redundant half of a logically Hermitian array) 
//                  to real output
// - "R2HC"       - a real-input DFT with output in ¡Èhalfcomplex¡É format, 
//                  i.e. real and imaginary parts for a transform of size n stored as
//                  r0, r1, r2, ..., rn/2, i(n+1)/2-1, ..., i2, i1
// - "HC2R"       - computes the reverse of FFTW_R2HC, above
// - "DHT"        - computes a discrete Hartley transform
// Sine/cosine transforms:
//  DCT-I  (REDFT00 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DCT-II (REDFT10 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DCT-III(REDFT01 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DCT-IV (REDFT11 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DST-I  (RODFT00 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DST-II (RODFT10 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DST-III(RODFT01 in FFTW3 notation)
//  DST-IV (RODFT11 in FFTW3 notation)
//First part of the tutorial shows how to transform the histograms
//Second part shows how to transform the data arrays directly
//Authors: Anna Kreshuk and Jens Hoffmann


//********* Histograms ********//


   //prepare the canvas for drawing
   TCanvas *c1 = new TCanvas("c1", "Fast Fourier Transform", 800, 600);
   c1->SetFillColor(18);
   c1->Divide(2, 3);
//   TPad *c1_1 = new TPad("c1_1", "c1_1",0.01,0.67,0.49,0.99);
//   TPad *c1_2 = new TPad("c1_2", "c1_2",0.51,0.67,0.99,0.99);
//   TPad *c1_3 = new TPad("c1_3", "c1_3",0.01,0.34,0.49,0.65);
//   TPad *c1_4 = new TPad("c1_4", "c1_4",0.51,0.34,0.99,0.65);
//   TPad *c1_5 = new TPad("c1_5", "c1_5",0.01,0.01,0.49,0.32);
//   TPad *c1_6 = new TPad("c1_6", "c1_6",0.51,0.01,0.99,0.32);
//   c1_1->Draw();
//   c1_2->Draw();
//   c1_3->Draw();
//   c1_4->Draw();
//   c1_5->Draw();
//   c1_6->Draw();
   c1_1->SetFillColor(16);
   c1_1->SetFrameFillColor(42);
   c1_2->SetFillColor(16);
   c1_2->SetFrameFillColor(42);
   c1_3->SetFillColor(16);
   c1_3->SetFrameFillColor(42);
   c1_4->SetFillColor(16);
   c1_4->SetFrameFillColor(42);
   c1_5->SetFillColor(16);
   c1_5->SetFrameFillColor(42);
   c1_6->SetFillColor(16);
   c1_6->SetFrameFillColor(42);
   
   c1_1->cd();
   TH1::AddDirectory(kFALSE);

   Double_t fr = 1.e4;
   Double_t dk = 1.e-2;
   Int_t n=1024;

   Double_t upX = 10./dk*1./fr*TMath::Pi();
//upX= 40*TMath::Pi();
   //A function to sample
   TF1 *fsin = new TF1("fsin", "sin(x)+sin(2*x)+sin(0.5*x)+1", 0, upX);
   //fsin->Draw();
   
   TH1D *hsin = new TH1D("hsin", "hsin", n+1, 0, upX);
   Double_t x;
   Double_t f[10];
   Double_t r[10];
   Double_t k[10];
 
   Double_t dr = 1.;
   for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
      r[i] = (i+1)*dr;
   }

   f[0] = r[0]*r[0];
   for (int i=0; i<9; i++) {
      f[i+1] = r[i+1]*r[i+1] - r[i]*r[i];
f[i+1] = 1;
printf("f[%d]=%f\n", i+1, f[i+1]);
   }


   for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
      k[i] = (i+1)*dk;
// k[i] = 0;
   }
//k[0]=100; k[1]=1;

   Double_t a;

   //Fill the histogram with function values
   for (Int_t j=0; j<=n; j++){
      x = (Double_t(j)/n)*(upX);

      a = 0;

      for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
         a += f[i]*TMath::Cos(2*TMath::Pi()*fr*(k[i] + 1)*x);
 //a = f[0]*TMath::Cos(2*TMath::Pi()*1*(k[0] + 0)*x);
      }
//printf("qqq %f\n", a);

      hsin->SetBinContent(j+1, a);
   }

   hsin->Draw();
   fsin->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   fsin->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   c1->Modified();
   c1->Update();
//return;
   c1_2->cd();
   //Compute the transform and look at the magnitude of the output
   TH1 *hm =0;
   TVirtualFFT::SetTransform(0);
   hm = hsin->FFT(hm, "MAG");
   hm->SetTitle("Magnitude of the 1st transform");
   hm->SetStats(kFALSE);
   //hm->Scale(1./TMath::Sqrt(n));

   hm->Draw();
   hm->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   hm->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
printf("qqq %d %f\n", hm->GetXaxis()->GetLast(), hm->GetXaxis()->GetXmax());

   //hm->GetXaxis()->SetLimits(0, n/upX );
   //hm->GetXaxis()->SetRange(0, n/2);

   //NOTE: for "real" frequencies you have to divide the x-axes range with the range of your function 
   //(in this case 4*Pi); y-axes has to be rescaled by a factor of 1/SQRT(n) to be right: this is not done automatically!
   

   c1_3->cd();   
   //Look at the phase of the output   
   TH1 *hp = 0;
   hp = hsin->FFT(hp, "PH");
   hp->SetTitle("Phase of the 1st transform");
   hp->Draw();
   hp->SetStats(kFALSE);
   hp->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   hp->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   
   //Look at the DC component and the Nyquist harmonic:
   Double_t re, im;
   //That's the way to get the current transform object:
   TVirtualFFT *fft = TVirtualFFT::GetCurrentTransform();
   c1_4->cd();
   //Use the following method to get just one point of the output
   fft->GetPointComplex(0, re, im);
   printf("1st transform: DC component: %f\n", re);
   fft->GetPointComplex(n/2+1, re, im);
   printf("1st transform: Nyquist harmonic: %f\n", re);

   //Use the following method to get the full output:
   Double_t *re_full = new Double_t[n];
   Double_t *im_full = new Double_t[n];
   fft->GetPointsComplex(re_full,im_full);
  
   //Now let's make a backward transform:
   TVirtualFFT *fft_back = TVirtualFFT::FFT(1, &n, "C2R M K");
   fft_back->SetPointsComplex(re_full,im_full);
   fft_back->Transform();
   TH1 *hb = 0;
   //Let's look at the output
   hb = TH1::TransformHisto(fft_back,hb,"Re");
   hb->SetTitle("The backward transform result");
   hb->Draw();
   //NOTE: here you get at the x-axes number of bins and not real values
   //(in this case 25 bins has to be rescaled to a range between 0 and 4*Pi; 
   //also here the y-axes has to be rescaled (factor 1/bins)
   hb->SetStats(kFALSE);
   hb->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   hb->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   delete fft_back;
   fft_back=0;

//********* Data array - same transform ********//

   //Allocate an array big enough to hold the transform output
   //Transform output in 1d contains, for a transform of size N, 
   //N/2+1 complex numbers, i.e. 2*(N/2+1) real numbers
   //our transform is of size n+1, because the histogram has n+1 bins

   Double_t *in = new Double_t[2*((n+1)/2+1)];
   Double_t re_2,im_2;
   for (Int_t i=0; i<=n; i++){
      x = (Double_t(i)/n)*(upX);
      in[i] =  fsin->Eval(x);
   }

   //Make our own TVirtualFFT object (using option "K")
   //Third parameter (option) consists of 3 parts:
   //-transform type:
   // real input/complex output in our case
   //-transform flag: 
   // the amount of time spent in planning
   // the transform (see TVirtualFFT class description)
   //-to create a new TVirtualFFT object (option "K") or use the global (default)
   Int_t n_size = n+1;
   TVirtualFFT *fft_own = TVirtualFFT::FFT(1, &n_size, "R2C ES K");
   if (!fft_own) return;
   fft_own->SetPoints(in);
   fft_own->Transform();

   //Copy all the output points:
   fft_own->GetPoints(in);
   //Draw the real part of the output
   c1_5->cd();
   TH1 *hr = 0;
   hr = TH1::TransformHisto(fft_own, hr, "RE");
   hr->SetTitle("Real part of the 3rd (array) tranfsorm");
   hr->Draw();
   hr->SetStats(kFALSE);
   hr->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   hr->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   c1_6->cd();
   TH1 *him = 0;
   him = TH1::TransformHisto(fft_own, him, "IM");
   him->SetTitle("Im. part of the 3rd (array) transform");
   him->Draw();
   him->SetStats(kFALSE);
   him->GetXaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);
   him->GetYaxis()->SetLabelSize(0.05);

   c1->cd();
   //Now let's make another transform of the same size
   //The same transform object can be used, as the size and the type of the transform
   //haven't changed
   TF1 *fcos = new TF1("fcos", "cos(x)+cos(0.5*x)+cos(2*x)+1", 0, upX);
   for (Int_t i=0; i<=n; i++){
      x = (Double_t(i)/n)*(upX);
      in[i] =  fcos->Eval(x);
   }
   fft_own->SetPoints(in);
   fft_own->Transform();
   fft_own->GetPointComplex(0, re_2, im_2);
   printf("2nd transform: DC component: %f\n", re_2);
   fft_own->GetPointComplex(n/2+1, re_2, im_2);
   printf("2nd transform: Nyquist harmonic: %f\n", re_2);
   delete fft_own;
   delete [] in;
   delete [] re_full;
   delete [] im_full;
}