line3Dfit.C: Fitting of a TGraph2D with a 3D straight line

//Fitting of a TGraph2D with a 3D straight line
//
// run this macro by doing: 
// 
// root>.x line3Dfit.C+
//

//Author: L. Moneta
//

   
#include <TMath.h>
#include <TGraph2D.h>
#include <TRandom2.h>
#include <TStyle.h>
#include <TCanvas.h>
#include <TF2.h>
#include <TH1.h>
#include <Math/Functor.h>
#include <TPolyLine3D.h>
#include <Math/Vector3D.h>
#include <Fit/Fitter.h>

using namespace ROOT::Math;


// define the parameteric line equation 
void line(double t, const double *p, double &x, double &y, double &z) {
   // a parameteric line is define from 6 parameters but 4 are independent
   // x0,y0,z0,z1,y1,z1 which are the coordinates of two points on the line
   // can choose z0 = 0 if line not parallel to x-y plane and z1 = 1; 
   x = p[0] + p[1]*t; 
   y = p[2] + p[3]*t;
   z = t; 
} 

// calculate distance line-point 
double distance2(double x,double y,double z, const double *p) {
   // distance line point is D= | (xp-x0) cross  ux | 
   // where ux is direction of line and x0 is a point in the line (like t = 0) 
   XYZVector xp(x,y,z); 
   XYZVector x0(p[0], p[2], 0. ); 
   XYZVector x1(p[0] + p[1], p[2] + p[3], 1. ); 
   XYZVector u = (x1-x0).Unit(); 
   double d2 = ((xp-x0).Cross(u)) .Mag2(); 
   return d2; 
}
bool first = true; 


// function Object to be minimized
struct SumDistance2 {
   // the TGraph is a data member of the object
   TGraph2D * fGraph;
   
   SumDistance2(TGraph2D * g) : fGraph(g) {}
   
   // implementation of the function to be minimized
   double operator() (const double * par) {
      
      assert(fGraph    != 0);
      double * x = fGraph->GetX();
      double * y = fGraph->GetY();
      double * z = fGraph->GetZ();
      int npoints = fGraph->GetN();
      double sum = 0;
      for (int i  = 0; i < npoints; ++i) {
         double d = distance2(x[i],y[i],z[i],par);
         sum += d;
#ifdef DEBUG
         if (first) std::cout << "point " << i << "\t"
            << x[i] << "\t"
            << y[i] << "\t"
            << z[i] << "\t"
            << std::sqrt(d) << std::endl;
#endif
      }
      if (first)
         std::cout << "Total Initial distance square = " << sum << std::endl;
      first = false;
      return sum;
   }
   
};

Int_t line3Dfit()
{
   gStyle->SetOptStat(0);
   gStyle->SetOptFit();


   //double e = 0.1;
   Int_t nd = 10000;


//    double xmin = 0; double ymin = 0;
//    double xmax = 10; double ymax = 10;

   TGraph2D * gr = new TGraph2D();

   // Fill the 2D graph
   double p0[4] = {10,20,1,2};

   // generate graph with the 3d points
   for (Int_t N=0; N<nd; N++) {
      double x,y,z = 0;
      // Generate a random number 
      double t = gRandom->Uniform(0,10);
      line(t,p0,x,y,z);
      double err = 1;
    // do a gaussian smearing around the points in all coordinates
      x += gRandom->Gaus(0,err);  
      y += gRandom->Gaus(0,err);  
      z += gRandom->Gaus(0,err);  
      gr->SetPoint(N,x,y,z);
      //dt->SetPointError(N,0,0,err);
   }
   // fit the graph now 
   
   ROOT::Fit::Fitter  fitter;
   
   
   // make the functor objet
   SumDistance2 sdist(gr);
#ifdef __CINT__
   ROOT::Math::Functor fcn(&sdist,4,"SumDistance2");
#else
   ROOT::Math::Functor fcn(sdist,4);
#endif
   // set the function and the initial parameter values
   double pStart[4] = {1,1,1,1};
   fitter.SetFCN(fcn,pStart);
   // set step sizes different than default ones (0.3 times parameter values)
   for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) fitter.Config().ParSettings(i).SetStepSize(0.01);
  
   bool ok = fitter.FitFCN();
   if (!ok) {
      Error("line3Dfit","Line3D Fit failed");
      return 1;
   }
   
   const ROOT::Fit::FitResult & result = fitter.Result();
   
   std::cout << "Total final distance square " << result.MinFcnValue() << std::endl;
   result.Print(std::cout);
   

   gr->Draw("p0");

   // get fit parameters
   const double * parFit = result.GetParams();

   
   // draw the fitted line
   int n = 1000;
   double t0 = 0;
   double dt = 10;
   TPolyLine3D *l = new TPolyLine3D(n);
   for (int i = 0; i <n;++i) {
      double t = t0+ dt*i/n;
      double x,y,z;
      line(t,parFit,x,y,z);
      l->SetPoint(i,x,y,z);
   }
   l->SetLineColor(kRed);
   l->Draw("same");
   
   // draw original line
   TPolyLine3D *l0 = new TPolyLine3D(n);
   for (int i = 0; i <n;++i) {
      double t = t0+ dt*i/n;
      double x,y,z;
      line(t,p0,x,y,z);
      l0->SetPoint(i,x,y,z);
   }
   l0->SetLineColor(kBlue);
   l0->Draw("same");
   return 0;
}

int main() { 
   return line3Dfit();
}