tree2.C File Reference

Detailed Description

This example illustrates how to make a Tree from variables or arrays in a C struct.

Use of C structs is strongly discouraged and one should use classes instead. However support for C structs is important for legacy applications written in C or Fortran. See tree2a.C for the same example using a class instead of a C-struct.

In this example, we are mapping a C struct to one of the Geant3 common blocks /gctrak/. In the real life, this common will be filled by Geant3 at each step and only the Tree Fill function should be called. The example emulates the Geant3 step routines.

to run the example, do:

.x tree2.C   to execute with the Cling interpreter
.x tree2.C++ to execute with native compiler

#include "TFile.h"
#include "TTree.h"
#include "TBrowser.h"
#include "TH2.h"
#include "TRandom.h"
#include "TCanvas.h"
#include "TMath.h"
#include "TROOT.h"

const Int_t MAXMEC = 30;

typedef struct {
  Float_t  vect[7];
  Float_t  getot;
  Float_t  gekin;
  Float_t  vout[7];
  Int_t    nmec;
  Int_t    lmec[MAXMEC];
  Int_t    namec[MAXMEC];
  Int_t    nstep;
  Int_t    pid;
  Float_t  destep;
  Float_t  destel;
  Float_t  safety;
  Float_t  sleng;
  Float_t  step;
  Float_t  snext;
  Float_t  sfield;
  Float_t  tofg;
  Float_t  gekrat;
  Float_t  upwght;
} Gctrak_t;


void helixStep(Float_t step, Float_t *vect, Float_t *vout)
{
  // extrapolate track in constant field
   Float_t field = 20;      //magnetic field in kilogauss
   enum Evect {kX,kY,kZ,kPX,kPY,kPZ,kPP};
   vout[kPP] = vect[kPP];
   Float_t h4    = field*2.99792e-4;
   Float_t rho   = -h4/vect[kPP];
   Float_t tet   = rho*step;
   Float_t tsint = tet*tet/6;
   Float_t sintt = 1 - tsint;
   Float_t sint  = tet*sintt;
   Float_t cos1t = tet/2;
   Float_t f1 = step*sintt;
   Float_t f2 = step*cos1t;
   Float_t f3 = step*tsint*vect[kPZ];
   Float_t f4 = -tet*cos1t;
   Float_t f5 = sint;
   Float_t f6 = tet*cos1t*vect[kPZ];
   vout[kX]   = vect[kX]  + (f1*vect[kPX] - f2*vect[kPY]);
   vout[kY]   = vect[kY]  + (f1*vect[kPY] + f2*vect[kPX]);
   vout[kZ]   = vect[kZ]  + (f1*vect[kPZ] + f3);
   vout[kPX]  = vect[kPX] + (f4*vect[kPX] - f5*vect[kPY]);
   vout[kPY]  = vect[kPY] + (f4*vect[kPY] + f5*vect[kPX]);
   vout[kPZ]  = vect[kPZ] + (f4*vect[kPZ] + f6);
}

void tree2w()
{
   //create a Tree file tree2.root

   //create the file, the Tree and a few branches with
   //a subset of gctrak
   TFile f("tree2.root","recreate");
   TTree t2("t2","a Tree with data from a fake Geant3");
   Gctrak_t gstep;
   t2.Branch("vect",gstep.vect,"vect[7]/F");
   t2.Branch("getot",&gstep.getot,"getot/F");
   t2.Branch("gekin",&gstep.gekin,"gekin/F");
   t2.Branch("nmec",&gstep.nmec,"nmec/I");
   t2.Branch("lmec",gstep.lmec,"lmec[nmec]/I");
   t2.Branch("destep",&gstep.destep,"destep/F");
   t2.Branch("pid",&gstep.pid,"pid/I");

   //Initialize particle parameters at first point
   Float_t px,py,pz,p,charge=0;
   Float_t vout[7];
   Float_t mass  = 0.137;
   Bool_t newParticle = kTRUE;
   gstep.step    = 0.1;
   gstep.destep  = 0;
   gstep.nmec    = 0;
   gstep.pid     = 0;

   //transport particles
   for (Int_t i=0;i<10000;i++) {
      //generate a new particle if necessary
      if (newParticle) {
         px = gRandom->Gaus(0,.02);
         py = gRandom->Gaus(0,.02);
         pz = gRandom->Gaus(0,.02);
         p  = TMath::Sqrt(px*px+py*py+pz*pz);
         charge = 1; if (gRandom->Rndm() < 0.5) charge = -1;
         gstep.pid    += 1;
         gstep.vect[0] = 0;
         gstep.vect[1] = 0;
         gstep.vect[2] = 0;
         gstep.vect[3] = px/p;
         gstep.vect[4] = py/p;
         gstep.vect[5] = pz/p;
         gstep.vect[6] = p*charge;
         gstep.getot   = TMath::Sqrt(p*p + mass*mass);
         gstep.gekin   = gstep.getot - mass;
         newParticle = kFALSE;
      }

      // fill the Tree with current step parameters
      t2.Fill();

      //transport particle in magnetic field
      helixStep(gstep.step, gstep.vect, vout); //make one step

      //apply energy loss
      gstep.destep = gstep.step*gRandom->Gaus(0.0002,0.00001);
      gstep.gekin -= gstep.destep;
      gstep.getot   = gstep.gekin + mass;
      gstep.vect[6] = charge*TMath::Sqrt(gstep.getot*gstep.getot - mass*mass);
      gstep.vect[0] = vout[0];
      gstep.vect[1] = vout[1];
      gstep.vect[2] = vout[2];
      gstep.vect[3] = vout[3];
      gstep.vect[4] = vout[4];
      gstep.vect[5] = vout[5];
      gstep.nmec    = (Int_t)(5*gRandom->Rndm());
      for (Int_t l=0;l<gstep.nmec;l++) gstep.lmec[l] = l;
      if (gstep.gekin < 0.001)            newParticle = kTRUE;
      if (TMath::Abs(gstep.vect[2]) > 30) newParticle = kTRUE;
   }

   //save the Tree header. The file will be automatically closed
   //when going out of the function scope
   t2.Write();
}

void tree2r()
{
   //read the Tree generated by tree2w and fill one histogram
   //we are only interested by the destep branch.

   //note that we use "new" to create the TFile and TTree objects !
   //because we want to keep these objects alive when we leave
   //this function.
   TFile *f = new TFile("tree2.root");
   TTree *t2 = (TTree*)f->Get("t2");
   static Float_t destep;
   TBranch *b_destep = t2->GetBranch("destep");
   b_destep->SetAddress(&destep);

   //create one histogram
   TH1F *hdestep   = new TH1F("hdestep","destep in Mev",100,1e-5,3e-5);

   //read only the destep branch for all entries
   Long64_t nentries = t2->GetEntries();
   for (Long64_t i=0;i<nentries;i++) {
      b_destep->GetEntry(i);
      hdestep->Fill(destep);
   }

   //we do not close the file.
   //We want to keep the generated histograms
   //We fill a 3-d scatter plot with the particle step coordinates
   TCanvas *c1 = new TCanvas("c1","c1",600,800);
   c1->SetFillColor(42);
   c1->Divide(1,2);
   c1->cd(1);
   hdestep->SetFillColor(45);
   hdestep->Fit("gaus");
   c1->cd(2);
   gPad->SetFillColor(37);
   t2->SetMarkerColor(kRed);
   t2->Draw("vect[0]:vect[1]:vect[2]");
   if (gROOT->IsBatch()) return;

   // invoke the x3d viewer
   gPad->GetViewer3D("x3d");
}

void tree2() {
   tree2w();
   tree2r();
}

Author

Rene Brun

Definition in file tree2.C.